Sensation and perception

Question 1

Define sensation

Answer 1

receiving information through sensory input

Question 2

Define perception

Answer 2

Interpreting information from sensory input

Question 3

Define proprioception

Answer 3

ability to be aware of your body’s motions and position

Question 4

Define transduction

Answer 4

transforming information into electrical impulses that the brain can understand

Question 5

Who called the study of how external stimuli affect us psychophysics

Answer 5

Gustav Fechner

Question 6

What kind of threshold refers to the weakest possible stimulus that a person can still perceive

Answer 6

The absolute threshold or the detection threshold

Question 7

What does signal detection analysis test

Answer 7

ability to distinguish real sounds from background noise

Question 8

What is known as sensitivity

Answer 8

ability to hear real signals and correctly say when there aren’t signals

Question 9

What threshold refers to our ability to detect a change in a stimulus’ intensity?

Answer 9

The difference threshold

Question 10

What does the Weber’s law say?

Answer 10

the “just noticeable difference of a stimulus is proportional to the original intensity of the stimulus

Question 11

How do you call the phenomena that lead the brain to stop paying attention to stimulus that stay the same for a long time

Answer 11

Sensory adaptation

Question 12

What is selective attention

Answer 12

choosing to focus on certain sensations over others

Question 13

What is human’s most important sense

Answer 13

Vision

Question 14

What does vision involve?

Answer 14

A complicated process of converting light signals into images in the brain

Question 15

Describe the process of vision

Answer 15

Light passes through the lens where it is focused, to the retina where photoreceptors calls rods and cones convert the information to electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain

Question 16

What are rods

Answer 16

photoreceptors perceiving black and white

Question 17

What are cones

Answer 17

Photoreceptors perceiving colors

Question 18

What does propose the Young Helmets theory?

Answer 18

That we have three different kinds of cones that process different colors (one for blue, one for green and one for red) (It was unsatisfying to explain why people can see yellow)

Question 19

What theory explains that we have three sets of opponent colors

Answer 19

the opponent process theory

Question 20

What occurs in phototransduction?

Answer 20

The retina converts electromagnetic light waves into electronic stimuli.

Question 21

What does visible spectrum refers to?

Answer 21

The range of wavelengths that the human eye can perceive.

Question 22

In which order does light enters the eye?

Answer 22

Cornea, pupil and then the lens.

Question 23

Where are the photoreceptor neurons, rods and cones, located in?

Answer 23

Retina

Question 24

What experiment exposed infants as young as six months old to Plexiglas-covered drop-off

Answer 24

The Gibson and Walk’s famous visual cliff experiment

Question 25

What are the 2 main kind of depth cues

Answer 25

Binocular and monocular

Question 26

What does mean the monocular cue called interposition

Answer 26

When you judge than on object is closer to you than an other because one overlap the other.

Question 27

What the monocular cue producing the impression that 2 lines seems to converge as they get further away

Answer 27

things that are farther away seem to get closer together

Question 28

When thing appears physically higher up it refers to the monocular cue called

Answer 28

position cue

Question 29

what does relative size mean

Answer 29

An object further away seems small than those closer

Question 30

Define motion parallax

Answer 30

Things closer seem to move faster than things in the distance.

Question 31

When a distant object seems less distinct than a closer object it is called

Answer 31

texture gradient

Question 32

Define aerial perspective

Answer 32

things in the distance appear foggier than things nearby

Question 33

What does retinal disparity mean

Answer 33

2 eyes a little bit apart from each other generate 2 slightly different images to send to the brain

Question 34

What does sound made of

Answer 34

molecules vibrating in patterns called waves

Question 35

What do sound waves need to travel

Answer 35

some sort of matter to disturb

Question 36

What do affect the length of sound wave

Answer 36

Frequency Short->high Long-> low

Question 37

To what feature of sound loudness is related

Answer 37

Amplitude

Question 38

Define amplitude

Answer 38

The height of the sound wave. The bigger the wave the louder the sound

Question 39

To say that the decibel scale is logarithmic means

Answer 39

that if 1 sound is 10 decibel louder than another, it's actually 10 times as loud

Question 40

How does the hear process sound and turns it into signal that can be interpreted by the brain

Answer 40

Sound first enters the ear and reverberates around the pinna, or folds of cartilage in the outermost part of the ear. Then it travels down the auditory canal, which amplifies the sound until it hits the eardrum. The eardrum rests up against the ossicles, which are those tiny bones we were talking about at the very beginning. There are three of them, and they help transform the sound from vibrations in the air to vibrations in the fluid inside the nearby cochlea. The cochlea looks kind of like a twisty seashell; it's filled with fluid and with small hair cells that support bundles of cilia, small fibers that can sense vibrations in the fluid. These hair cells send nerve impulses to nearby neurons. These signals then travel down the auditory nerve and into the brain.

Question 41

What does make possible to tell where sounds are coming from

Answer 41

our ear placement

Question 42

Define proprioception

Answer 42

how we make sense of our bodies' actions and reactions related to the 5 senses.

Question 43

List the 5 tastes the tongue can detect are

Answer 43

sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami (also known as savory)

Question 44

What are taste bud

Answer 44

receptor on the tongue telling neurons to fire off signals when certain substance touch them

Question 45

Not all receptors on the tongue are related to taste | true or false?

Answer 45

True. Minty food or spicy food are example of nerve reaction not directly related to taste.

Question 46

Define a lock and key system

Answer 46

A neuron will only fire if a particular odor molecule comes along and activates it

Question 47

How many odors the human nose can tell apart

Answer 47

almost 10,000 odors (and it is less developed than other mammals)

Question 48

To what system both touch and proprioception are considered to be part of

Answer 48

The somatosensory system | which report sensations of pressure, body position and pain

Question 49

What is the name of the largest body's organ? and to what does it respond to?

Answer 49

The skin: pressure, hot, cold, pain

Question 50

What is the sense of proprioception

Answer 50

specialized neurons inside the body that fire off signal when our muscles move in order to help keep track of where our limbs are.

Question 51

When you have a cold and feel dizzy or disoriented when system causes it

Answer 51

The vestibular system (also helps to keep track of where our body is and is controlled by the fluid inside the ear)

Question 52

What are the senses that are closely related

Answer 52

taste and smell

Question 53

What produces all the feeling that we have

Answer 53

A combination of the four skin basic sensations : pain, hot, cold and pressure.

Question 54

Why do newborn have poor vision

Answer 54

the part of the eye that deals with details, called the fovea, isn't completely developed at birth

Question 55

What newborn's senses facilitate better communication and bounding with their mothers

Answer 55

The sense of touch, smell and hearing

Question 56

The _____ theory of hearing states that auditory neurons in the ear fire action potentials at the same rate as the frequency of the sound they respond to.

Answer 56

frequency

Question 57

What is an example of the aerial perspective?

Answer 57

Items in the distance appear foggier than things nearby.

Question 58

Finish the analogy: _____ is to receiving as perception is to interpreting

Answer 58

Sensation

Question 59

Where are cilia located in the ear?

Answer 59

in the cochlea

Question 60

Which structure is located at the back of the eye and contains the rods and cones?

Answer 60

Retina