Sensory

Question 1

What is sensory perception & what does it involve

Answer 1

The process of receiving stimuli or data, involves conscious organization of data or stimuli into meaningful information
Involves External and Internal stimuli

Question 2

What is involved in external stimuli

Answer 2

Visual:vision
Auditory:hearing
Olfactory:smell
Gustatory:taste
Tactile:tiuch

Question 3

What is involved in internal stimuli

Answer 3

Kinesthetic and visceral: Basic internal orienting systems
and Stereognosis: The perception of solidity of objects

Question 4

What are the 4 aspects of the sensory process

Answer 4

Stimulus, Receptor, Impulse conduction and Perception

Question 5

What is cognition

Answer 5

The process by which the individual learns, stores, retrieves and uses information

Question 6

What is awareness

Answer 6

The ability of perceive environmental stimuli and respond through thought and action

Question 7

What congenital and heredity conditions are risk factors: Age group

Answer 7

PREMATURE INFANTS
50% of hearing loss
Blindess: congenital cataracts
Visual and healing disturbances due to fetal alcohol syndrome
Auditory processing disorder; difficulty differentiating individual sounds in words

Question 8

In older adults, who is more at risk for visual disorders

Answer 8

AFRICAN AMERICANS & HISPANICS
Open angle cataracts
AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVES
Prone to visual impairment due to refractive error

Question 9

What illnesses can become risk factors

Answer 9

Artherosclerosis
Hypertension
Strokes
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus ( can cause blindness)
Maternal diabetes
Repeated bouts of otitis media in children

Question 10

What are nonspecific alterations & some common ones

Answer 10

May result from aging, genetic factors, underlying illness and lifestyle factors
vertigo, color blindess, impaired olfaction, taste disturbances

Question 11

What is a Refractive error

Answer 11

Vision problem where reading material must be held at a distance in order to focus
Reading glasses or bifocals are needed

Question 12

What is presbyopia

Answer 12

Permanent loss of visual accommodation of the crystalline lens of the eye that occurs with age

Question 13

What is a Cataract

Answer 13

The clumping of lens protein causing an opacity or cloudiness of the lens
Accumulates a yellow-brown pigment
Increased by aging
Leading cause of disability in the US

Question 14

What are some Indications of Cataracts

Answer 14

Painless, blurry vision
Sensitivity to glare
Reduced visual acuity
Myopic shift, astigmatism, double vision and color shifts may also occur

Question 15

How would you go about caring for impaired patients

Answer 15

Teach patient self care behaviors
Acknowledge your presence in the room
Speak in a normal tone, calmly and directly
Explain reasoning to touching patient before doing so
Keep the call light within reach
Orient the patient to sounds in the environment
Assist in ambulation
Stay in the patients field of vision

Question 16

Specific examples for hearing impairs patients

Answer 16

Decrease background noises before speaking
Check the patients hearing aid
Position yourself so light is on your face
Use sign language if needed
Write anything out that you can’t convey in another manner

Question 17

How would you go about communicating with an unconscious patient

Answer 17

Be careful what is said in the patients presence, hearing is the last sense that is lost
Assume that the patient can hear you and talk in a normal tone
Speak to the patient before touching
Keep environment noises at a low level

Question 18

What can you do to help prevent deterioration of senses

Answer 18

Incorporate environmental stimuli!!!

Question 19

Risk factors

Answer 19

smoking, UV light exposure, medications, stress, isolation, injuries

Question 20

What is sensory overload

Answer 20

Experiencing so much sensory that the brain is unable to respond meaningfully or just ignores the stimuli

Question 21

What is sensory deprivation

Answer 21

Environment has decreased stimuli, impaired ability to receive any stimuli
Effects: Perceptual, cognitive and emotional disturbances

Question 22

Hearing screenings

Answer 22

Newborns are routinely screened
Preschoolers & school-age kids are screened periodically at school/healthcare provider
Adults every 10 years until the age of 50, then every 3 years after that

Question 23

Vision screenings

Answer 23

Children btwn 3-5 are screened at least once
Comprehension eye exam is done at age 40
adults with no illnesses:
every 2-4 years for 40-54 yr olds
every 1-3 years for ages 55-64
every 1-2 years for ages 65 and above

Question 24

Assessment: Observation & patient interview

Answer 24

vision: look for glasses, squinting, clouds cornea
hearing: hearing aids, sign language
Get through history of any current sensory function deficits or any recent changes
Assess for chronic diseases or illnesses and any medications
Ask questions to get data about all senses

Question 25

Assessment: Mental status examination

Answer 25

Any mental changes, history of mood disorder or delirium Assess for problems with level of consciousness, orientation, memory or attention span

Question 26

Assessment: Patients at risk

Answer 26

altered mobility, multiple comorbidities( diabetes, heart problems, dizziness, arthritis, breathing and joint problems), are older, involved in contact sports and those who smoke In vision: DM,Heart problems,Breathing problems,Joint problems In hearing:DM,Dizziness,Arthiritis

Question 27

Assessment: Patients environment

Answer 27

Assess for quantity, quality and type of stimuli Assess for their support networks, do they live alone, have visitors, are there signs of social deprivation?

Question 28

Assessment: Physical examination

Answer 28

Assess all the senses and if patient uses any devices and do those devices function properly and is patient complaint in using them vision: eye chart, if they were contacts or glasses. pen movements hearing: look at internal ear structure, do whisper test smell: swab vanilla tactile: stereognosis, kinesthesia

Question 29

What are some overall independent interventions

Answer 29

Focusing on education, injury, prevention and wellness Teach patient about appropriate medications and the effective use of any assistive device

Question 30

managing acute sensory deficits

Answer 30

Encourage the use of sensory aids Promote using other senses Ensure safety Adapt to limits imposed by sensory loss ( if visually impaired, enjoy music, podcasts, audiobooks, If hearing impaired, enjoy emails and texts instead of calling )

Question 31

Preventing sensory overload

Answer 31

reducing the number and type of stimuli & organizing stimuli ( visual= use uv protection, hearing=use earplugs & soft background music )

Question 32

preventing sensory deprivation

Answer 32

read, touch objects, have clocks present for patient, encourage visitors, allow fragrant plants or fresh flowers

Question 33

promoting effective coping

Answer 33

vision impaired: have increased risk for depression, promote safe surroundings (clear pathways, make sure good lighting is visible, call light in reach ) hearing impaired: make sure they have devices that can amplify sound for them, or that will respond to sound with lights, and make sure tv has closed captions smelling impaired: make sure no dangerous cleaning chemicals are around, make sure gas is working fine and in order, inspect food for freshness and safety touch impaired: they can't feel if something is hot so watch out for that, adjust temperatures of water to avoid burns, prevent pressure ulcers

Question 34

Collaborative intervantions

Answer 34

Eye doctor, Hearing doctor, PT and OT, sign language, surgery for eye disease or eye muscle surgery, Surgery for polyps snd deviated septum Medication if needed ( medicated eye drops, meds for infection, drops for dryness )

Question 35

Life span considerations for pregnant women

Answer 35

Tinnitus, Vertigo, Heightened sense of smell: nausea, food cravings