sensory

Question 1

cornea

Answer 1

the clear hard covering that protects the lens of the eye.

Question 2

pupil

Answer 2

the opening in the iris through which light enters the eye.

Question 3

iris

Answer 3

the muscle that forms the colored part of the eye; it adjusts the pupil to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.

Question 4

lens

Answer 4

the structure that sits behind the pupil; it bends the light rays that enter the eye to focus images on the retina.

Question 5

accommodation

Answer 5

the process by which the muscles control the shape of the lens to adjust to viewing objects at different distances.

Question 6

retina

Answer 6

the thin layer of nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye.

Question 7

photoreceptors

Answer 7

cells in the retina (called rods and cones) that convert light energy into nerve energy.

Question 8

rods

Answer 8

photoreceptors that function in low illumination and play a key role in night vision; responsive to dark and light contrast.

Question 9

dark adaptation

Answer 9

process of adjustment to seeing in the dark.

Question 10

cones

Answer 10

photoreceptors that are responsible for color vision and are most functional in conditions of bright light.

Question 11

fovea

Answer 11

spot on the back of the retina that contains the highest concentration of cones in the retina; place of clearest vision.

Question 12

visual acuity

Answer 12

the ability to see clearly.

Question 13

optic nerve

Answer 13

structure composed of the axons of ganglion cells from the retina that carry visual information from the eye to the brain.

Question 14

feature detectors

Answer 14

neurons in the visual cortex that analyze the retinal image and respond to specific aspects of shapes, such as angles and movements.

Question 15

depth perception

Answer 15

the ability to see things in three dimensions and to discriminate what is near from what is far.

Question 16

binocular depth cues

Answer 16

aids to depth perception that rely on input from both eyes.

Question 17

monocular depth cues

Answer 17

aids to depth perception that do not require two eyes.

Question 18

perceptual constancy

Answer 18

the ability of the brain to preserve perception of objects in spite of changes in retinal image when an object changes in position or distance from the viewer.

Question 19

similarity

Answer 19

Gestalt law that says we tend to group like objects together in visual perception.

Question 20

continuity

Answer 20

Gestalt law that says we see points or lines in such a way that they follow a continuous path.

Question 21

proximity

Answer 21

Gestalt law that says we tend to group objects together that are near one another.

Question 22

law of closure

Answer 22

The tendency to perceive a whole object in the absence of complete information.

Question 23

bottom-up processing

Answer 23

idea that perception is a process of building a perceptual experience from smaller pieces.

Question 24

top-down processing

Answer 24

perception of the whole based on our experience and expectations, which guide our perception of smaller elemental features of a stimulus.

Question 25

trichromatic color theory

Answer 25

the theory that all color that we experience results from a mixing of three colors of light (red, green, and blue).

Question 26

afterimages

Answer 26

visual images that remain after removal of or looking away from the stimulus.

Question 27

opponent-process theory

Answer 27

the theory that color vision results from cones linked together in three pairs of opposing colors, so that activation of one member of the pair inhibits activity in the other.

Question 28

Linear perspective

Answer 28

involves parallel lines that converge or come together the farther away they are from the viewer

Question 29

Apparent motion

Answer 29

when were fooled into thinking something is moving