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MedPhys- Exam 1 > Sensory Physiology > Flashcards

Sensory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What detects taste in the mouth?

A

Taste buds (Chemoreceptors)

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2
Q

What detects smell in nose?

A

Olfactory epithelium receptors (Chemoreceptors)

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3
Q

What receptors control O2 level in arterial blood?

A

Receptors of aortic and carotid bodies (Chemoreceptors)

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4
Q

What controls osmolality of body fluids?

A

Neurons in or near supraoptic neuclei (Chemoreceptors)

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5
Q

What controls CO2 concentration?

A

Receptors in/on surface of medulla
In aortic & carotid bodies
(Chemoreceptors)

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6
Q

What controls blood glucose, AA & Fatty Acids?

A

Receptors in hypothalamus (chemoreceptors)

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7
Q

What do thermoreceptors do?

A

Detect change in temperature

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8
Q

What do nociceptors do?

A

Pain receptor- Free nerve endings

Detect chemical/physical damage in tissues

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9
Q

What do electromagnetic receptors do?

A

Detect light on the retina of the eye

Vision- Rods, Cones

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10
Q

Labeled line principle defines what?

A

Each nerve tract terminates at a SPECIFIC point on CNS

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11
Q

What is an example of the Labeled line principle?

A

Pain fiber- transmits only one modality of sensation

(pain could be due to overheating, crushing, electrical stimulation, but ALL feel like pain)

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12
Q

What factors stimulate receptor potential?

A

1) Stretching on the receptor membrane while opening ion channels

2) Chemical is sent to membrane to open ion channels

3) Changes in Temp. of membrane can alter permeability

4) Electromagnetic radiation (Light) on retinal visual receptor causes ions to flow through channels

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13
Q

What elicits the action potential?

A

The receptor potential rising above the threshold

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14
Q

What causes adaptation of receptor’s action potentials?

A

Continuous stimulus

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15
Q

What are some examples of the “tonic” receptors

A

Muscle spindles
GTOs
Pain receptors
Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors

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16
Q

What are some examples of “Rate or Phasic” receptors

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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17
Q

The “tonic” receptors will transmit impulse as long as:

A) The stimulus strengthens
B) The stimulus is present

A

B) The stimulus is present

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18
Q

The “rate” or “phasic” receptors will transmit impulse as long as:

A) The stimulus strength changes
B) The stimulus is present

A

A) The stimulus strength changes

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19
Q

Nerve fiber has a general classification of what types?

A

A and C

Type A is further subdivided in:
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta

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20
Q

Nerve fiber type A contains what size of myelinated fibers?

A

Medium and large

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21
Q

Nerve fiber type C contains what size of myelinated fibers?

A

None, they are unmyelinated

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22
Q

Which nerve fiber type conducts faster impulses- Type A or C?

A

Type A - myelination helps

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23
Q

Larger nerve (Type A) fibers=
A) slower
B) faster

A

B) faster

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24
Q

Aching pain would be caused by what kind of nerve type?

A

Type C

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25
Q

Cold/Warmth would be caused by what kind of nerve type?

A

Type C

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26
Q

Sharp pricking pain would be caused by what kind of nerve type?

A

Type A-alpha

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27
Q

Sympathetic motor would be caused by what kind of nerve type?

A

Type C

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28
Q

What is temporal summation?

A

When impulses are received at the same place at the same time, the impulses can add up on top of each other

29
Q

In a post synaptic terminal, can a single excitatory presynaptic terminal cause the action potential to be reached?

A

Rarely. Usually, there is a Neuronal pool

30
Q

What is neuron divergence?

A

Allows one neuron to communicate with many others

31
Q

What is neuron convergence?

A

Multiple inputs uniting to excite a single neuron

32
Q

What is an example of a reciprocal inhibition?

A

Hams and Quads

33
Q

Where are free nerve endings?

A

Everywhere in the skin

34
Q

Merkel’s discs are located where?

A

Finger tips

They are very sensitive to texture

35
Q

What are Ruffini’s endings?

A

A multi-branched nerve endings with encapsulated ending

They adapt very slowly

36
Q

What are Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

consist of a cutaneous nerve ending responsible for transmitting the sensations of fine, discriminative touch and vibration

Non hairy parts of skin like lips and finger tips

37
Q

True/False: ANY hair on the body stimulates a nerve fiber entwining its base

A

True!

38
Q

The leg dermatomes originate from what level of the spine?

A

L2-L3

39
Q

What are the three parts that make up the ossicles of the ear?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

40
Q

Cochlea aka

A

Inner ear

41
Q

Vibrations enter the scala vestibule from the __________ at the _____________.

A

faceplate
oval window

42
Q

Diameter of the oval window determine the frequency. What does it sound like when there is a short vs long frequency?

A

short= high frequency

long-low frequency

43
Q

When the oval window moves inward, what happens to the round window?

A

It bulges outward

44
Q

Organ of corti aka

A

the receptor organ

45
Q

What does the organ of corti do?

A

After it detects vibration of basilar membrane, it sends nerve impulses

46
Q

Hair cells are embedded in the surface gel coating called ___________

A

the tectorial membrane

47
Q

Nerve fibers are stimulated by hair cells when what happens?

A

When the hair moves back and forth

48
Q

Utricle senses what position of the body?

A

Horizontal plane

Head in upright position

49
Q

Saccule senses what position of the body?

A

Vertical plane

Head orientation when lying down

50
Q

The sensory organ for detecting equilibrium has ____ (number) semicircular canals

A

3

51
Q

At each semicircular canal that detects equilibrium, what structure is at one of its ends?

A

Ampulla (rotary movement)

52
Q

What is inside the ampulla?

A

Fluid called endolymph

53
Q

Cupula is covered by a ________ layer

A

gelatinous

54
Q

What are embedded in each cupula?

A

small calcium carbonate crystals, aka, statoconia

55
Q

Each hair cell has _______ (number) cilia called ________.
And 1 big cilium called _________.

A

50-70 stereocilia

Kinoclium

56
Q

If there is a bend in kinocilum, what happens?

A

It opens several hundred fluid channels that conduct positive ions

57
Q

Cones of the eye detect what?

A

Color

58
Q

Tonic vs Phasic receptors

A

Tonic- CONTINUALLY transmits

Phasic- transmits ONLY when there is a change

59
Q

Example of tonic receptors

A

Muscle spinds
GTO
Pain receptors
Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors

60
Q

Example of phasic receptors

A

Pacinian corpsule

61
Q

Primary/annulospiral & GTO

What type of nerve fiber?

A

Type Aa

62
Q

Secondary/flower spray

What type of nerve fiber?

A

Type Ab

63
Q

Motor spindle

What type of nerve fiber?

A

Type Ag

64
Q

Pricking pain

What type of nerve fiber?

A

Type Aa

65
Q

What symptoms would you feel with Type C fibers?

A

Aching
Cold/Warmth
Crude touch/pressure

66
Q

Explain how hearing is transmitted in 6 steps

A

1) Tympanic membrane moves due to sound

2) Middle ear (Malleus, Incus and stapes) conduct the sound to the oval window

3) Oval window receives vibrations and are sent along it’s scala vestibuli which makes the fluid move along

4) Hair cells are moved due to the vibration

5) Nerve fibers get stimulated by hair cells moving

6) Nerve fibers depolarize in the cochlear nerve allowing us to hear

67
Q

Ampulla detects what kind of movement?

A

Rotational movement

68
Q

Stereocilia detect _______ & ___________

A

acceleration & deceleration

MedPhys- Exam 1 (9 decks)

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