Sensory Processes

Question 1

Physical stimuli

Answer 1

light and sound are examples of

Question 2

Chemical information

Answer 2

taste and smell are examples of

Question 3

Mechanical information

Answer 3

touch and hearing are examples of

Question 4

Electromagnetic information

Answer 4

vison is an example of

Question 5

Psychophysics

Answer 5

the psychology of sensation to the physics of sensation

uses a measure called just noticeable difference (JND)

Question 6

threshold

Answer 6

minimum amount of physical stimulus intensity necessary for detection

Question 7

Stevens Power Law

Answer 7

the relation between the physical and the psychological intensity of a stimulus is linear on a log/log coordinate scale

Question 8

Loudness

Answer 8

refers to the amplitude of change of the stimulus

Question 9

Ultrasound

Answer 9

heard by rodents and bats

higher than 20,000HZ

Question 10

Pitch

Answer 10

the psychological variable that is related to the physics; dimension of frequency

Question 11

Infrasound

Answer 11

lower than 20 HZ

Question 12

Hearing range for a human

Answer 12

20-20,000 Hz

Question 13

Eardrum

Answer 13

in the inner ear responds to vibration and in turn vibrations are conveyed through the middle ear ossicles (hammer, anvil, stirrup) into the cochlea

Question 14

Cochlea

Answer 14

snail shaped organ in the inner ear filled with fluid and the fluid vibrates when the ossicles vibrate

Question 15

Ossicles

Answer 15

tiny bones made-up of the hammer anvil and stirrup vibrate when the eardrum vibrates

Question 16

Basilar membrane

Answer 16

in the cochlea also vibrate in response to sound

Question 17

sensory receptors for hearing

Answer 17

tiny hairs which have cilia transduce vibrations into neural signals

Question 18

frequency principle

Answer 18

the frequency action potentials matches the frequency vibrations

*most of the sound range neurons cannot firs fast enough to track the sound pressure fluctuations

Question 19

place principle

Answer 19

explains the transduction from frequency into psychological pitch

Question 20

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 20

physical stimulus is a small fraction of this

Question 21

Visible spectrum

Answer 21

the part of the spectrum that humans detect

Question 22

retina

Answer 22

performs transduction

Question 23

optic nerve

Answer 23

leaves eye and conveys information to the brain

Question 24

optic chiasm

Answer 24

partial crossing of nerves

Question 25

LGN lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 25

visual relay area of the thalamus, innervates primary visual cortex

Question 26

occipital lobe

Answer 26

visual association cortex

Question 27

Rods

Answer 27

in the retina as sensory receptor for black and white and nocturnal vision

Question 28

Cones

Answer 28

in the retina for color vision

Question 29

fovea (fovea centralis)

Answer 29

in the center portion of the retina that contains the highest concentration of receptor cells

Question 30

blind spot (scotoma)

Answer 30

does not have any sensory receptor cells because it is the area where all the axons from the retina cells bundle together to form the optic nerve and here is no transduction of light

Question 31

Receptor layer

Answer 31

the back layer has rods and cones

Question 32

bipolar cells

Answer 32

the next layer, form the synapse with the receptors on one side and with ganglion cells in the next layer

Question 33

ganglion cells

Answer 33

bundle together in the retina exit the eye through the blind spot and become the optic nerve

Question 34

visual field

Answer 34

the two eyes have and overall what

Question 35

dark adaption

Answer 35

occurs in respons to low levels of light, reflects the process in which visual threshold gradually gets lower and the subject becomes more sensitive to low levels of light

Question 36

photopic vision

Answer 36

"day vision" the visual process used when background light is high high acuity, good color vision, lack of sensitivity to low levels of light

Question 37

scoptopic vision

Answer 37

the visual process when the background light is low poor acuity, little to no color vision, high sensitivity

Question 38

central scotoma

Answer 38

blind spot in the center of the visual field

Question 39

Trichromatic Theory

Answer 39

three different types of cones in the retina each has a different pigment and therefore detects a different primary color true at the level of receptor cells such that there are 3 different types of cones with 3 different patter of color sensitivity

Question 40

Process Theory of Color

Answer 40

two opponent processes exist at the ganglion cell level red vs green blue vs yellow proved by color blindness

Question 41

negative afterimage effect

Answer 41

when an intense colored image is taken away a person sees a momentary flash of the opposite or complimentary color