Sensory receptors and eyes

Question 1

What are the 5 major types of sensory receptors?

Answer 1

• mechanoreceptors
• thermoreceptors
• pain receptors
• chemoreceptors
• photoreceptors

Question 2

What are sensory receptors?

Answer 2

Dendrites that react to a certain external or internal stimulus

Question 3

Which sensory receptor is responsible for touch?

Answer 3

Mechanoreceptor

Question 4

Which sensory receptor is responsible for temperature?

Answer 4

Thermoreceptors

Question 5

Which sensory receptor is responsible for pain?

Answer 5

Pain receptors (noriceptors)

Question 6

Which sensory receptor is responsible for chemicals?

Answer 6

Chemoreceptors

Question 7

Which sensory receptor is responsible for light?

Answer 7

Photoreceptors

Question 8

What are the impulses produced in the skin called?

Answer 8

Cutaneous sensations

Question 9

What do cutaneous sensations include?

Answer 9

• touch
• heat
• cold
• pressure
• pain

Question 10

Free nerve endings

Answer 10

• pain
• temperature
• touch
• pressure

Question 11

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 11

Encapsulated nerve endings found in hairless skin that detect light touch

Question 12

Merkel’s disks

Answer 12

Detect light touch and pressure within the epidermis

Question 13

Hair follicle receptors

Answer 13

Detect movement of hair

Question 14

Ruffini’s corpuscles

Answer 14

Detect deep pressure and stretching of the skin

Question 15

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 15

Encapsulated nerve endings that detect deep pressure and vibrations

Question 16

Why is touch considered a general sense?

Answer 16

It includes many types of receptors found all over the body

Question 17

Special senses are what and what are they?

Answer 17

Their receptors are clustered in specialized organs or in a small area
- sight
- hearing
- smell
- taste
- balance

Question 18

What covers the surface of the eyeball and is the inner layer of the eyelid?

Answer 18

Conjuctiva. It secretes mucus to lubricate the eye

Question 19

What are the corners of the eye called?

Answer 19

Medial commissure and the lateral commissure

Question 20

Besides the conjuctiva, what else lubricates the eye?

Answer 20

Lacrimal apparatus

Question 21

What do lacrimal glands release and why?

Answer 21

Tears to cleanse and moisten the eye

Question 22

What do tears contain?

Answer 22

• mucus
• antibodies
• lysozyme (antibacterial enzyme)

Question 23

What is the path that tears take when they drain?

Answer 23

1. lacrimal canaliculi
2. lacrimal sac
3. nasolacrimal duct

Question 24

What are the 3 tissues that the eye is comprised of?

Answer 24

• sclera
• choroid
• retina

Question 25

Sclera

Answer 25

- white of the eye - fibrous connective tissue - protects and shapes the eye

Question 26

Choroid

Answer 26

- pigmented - vascular membrane that includes iris and pupil

Question 27

Retina

Answer 27

Contains photoreceptors that turn light energy into nerve impulses

Question 28

What allows light into the eye?

Answer 28

Cornea

Question 29

Iris

Answer 29

- colored part of the eye - located behind the cornea - works with the pupil to regulate light coming into the eye

Question 30

Pupil

Answer 30

The opening in the center of the iris through which light enters

Question 31

Lens

Answer 31

A semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina

Question 32

What is the lens controlled by?

Answer 32

Ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments

Question 33

What happens to the lens with age?

Answer 33

It becomes less elastic

Question 34

Aqueous humor

Answer 34

Fluid in front of the lens which nourishes the cornea

Question 35

Vitreous humor

Answer 35

A thick, jelly-like fluid that refracts light and fills the space between the lens and retina

Question 36

What does the retina contain?

Answer 36

Thousands of photoreceptors

Question 37

What are the two types of photoreceptors?

Answer 37

- rods - cones

Question 38

Rods

Answer 38

- distributed all over the retina - responsible for vision in low-light - extremely sensitive

Question 39

Cones

Answer 39

- concentrated in the center of the retina - responsible for the detection of colors - less sensitive

Question 40

In order to see an image, light passes through the eye and hits what?

Answer 40

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on the back of the eye

Question 41

What point of the eye contains only cones and provides the sharpest image?

Answer 41

Fovea centralis

Question 42

What is a blind spot?

Answer 42

No photoreceptors where the optic nerve meets the eye, but the brain makes up for it

Question 43

Myopia

Answer 43

Near-sightedness

Question 44

Hyperopia

Answer 44

Far-sightedness

Question 45

How do corrective lenses help the eyes?

Answer 45

They refract the light so it accurately converges on the retina