Sensory System

Question 1

What are special somatic receptors?

Answer 1

Specialized and concentrated in on body surface, and vision and hearing

Question 2

What are special visceral receptors?

Answer 2

Specialized and concentrated with in body, olfaction and taste

Question 3

What are general somatic receptors?

Answer 3

Widely distributed on body surface, skeletal muscle

Question 4

What are general visceral receptors?

Answer 4

Widely distributed within the body organs, stretch, pressure, chemoreception

Question 5

What are the types of special somatic receptors?

Answer 5

Lateral line, ampullae of Lorenzini, Inner ear membranous labyrinth, pit receptors, photoreception

Question 6

What is the lateral line?

Answer 6

Series of fluid filled canals that are open to surroundings and detect movement in water

Question 7

What are neuromasts?

Answer 7

Fancy mechanoreceptors that have hair in them to detect water movement

Question 8

What do Ampullae of Lorenzini detect?

Answer 8

Electromagnetics used in sharks for migration

Question 9

How many semicircular canals do Gnathostome inner ear have?

Answer 9

3
Anterior, posterior, horizontal

Question 10

What are the semicircular canals in Gnathostomes used for?

Answer 10

Rotational movement

Question 11

What are the untricle and sacculus used for?

Answer 11

linear acceleration

Question 12

How many posterior semicircular canals does a hagfish have?

Answer 12

1
Posterior

Question 13

How many semicircular canals does a lamprey have?

Answer 13

2
Anterior, posterior

Question 14

What do fish have that is homologous to the cochlea in mammals?

Answer 14

Lagena

Question 15

What is the inner ear order from outer most to inner most?

Answer 15

Bony labyrinth –> perilymph –> membrane and hair –> endolymph

Question 16

WHat does the lagena do in sharks?

Answer 16

Receives sound

Question 17

How do we detect dynamic equilibrium from the inner ear?

Answer 17

Head rotates which causes inertia to move endolymph to displace cupula and move the cilia

Question 18

How do we detect static equilibrium from the inner ear?

Answer 18

Cilia bend in the maculae (in sacculus and utricle) which generate the impulses

Question 19

What are otoliths?

Answer 19

Extrinsic grains brought in to help with detection of static equilibrium

Question 20

What is the Weberian Apparatus?

Answer 20

It is modified 1st 4-5 vertebrae in some fish (goldfish) that helps amplify sound

Question 21

How does the Weberian Apparatus amplify sound?

Answer 21

It receives vibrations from the swim bladder and amplifies and directs them to the inner ear

Question 22

What is the organ of Corti?

Answer 22

Specialized neuromasts within coiled cochlear duct

Question 23

Where are amphibian and reptile tympanic membrane located?

Answer 23

Surface of head

Question 24

What is the pinna?

Answer 24

In mammals the external part of the ear the collects sounds and directs it to the tympanic membrane

Question 25

What are the amphibian, reptile and bird middle ear ossicle(s)?

Answer 25

Columella or stapes

Question 26

What are the mammal middle ear ossicle(s)?

Answer 26

Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 27

How do toothed whales use ecolocation?

Answer 27

Produce sound that crosses the phonic lip and causing the tissue to vibrate, then receives echoes via fat pads

Question 28

What do pit receptors sense?

Answer 28

Infrared thermal radiation

Question 29

What innervates pit receptors and where does the information go?

Answer 29

CN 5 takes info to brain superior colliculi

Question 30

What do photoreceptors detect?

Answer 30

A narrow band of electromagnetic radiation

Question 31

What pathway does the radiation from photoreceptors take?

Answer 31

Wavelength hits photoreceptor --> splits pigment --> sends impulse to bipolar cell layer(middle of the 3) --> send impulse to ganglion cells (outermost layer) --> then back to rods and cones then off to brain

Question 32

What are the types of special visceral receptors?

Answer 32

Olfaction, vomeronasal organ, gustation

Question 33

What is olfaction?

Answer 33

Chemoreception that forms the sense of smell

Question 34

How do sharks track prey?

Answer 34

Sinuous swimming

Question 35

What are nares in sharks?

Answer 35

Blind sacs containing olfactory tissue

Question 36

How do tetrapod smell?

Answer 36

Chemical odorant encounters cilia and triggers impulses that are sent to glomerui

Question 37

What is the vomeronasal organ?

Answer 37

auxiliary olfactory sense organ found in many tetrapods

Question 38

Describe the reptile vomeronasal organ.

Answer 38

Separate pit to which tongue and oral membranes deliver chemicals

Question 39

Describe the mammal vomeronasal organ.

Answer 39

Isolated area of olfactory tissue within nasal cavity Connected to mouth via nasopalatine duct Sends impulse to hypothalamus (connection to memory) Flehmen response

Question 40

What are cutaneous mechanoreceptors?

Answer 40

Receive light touch, deep pressure, sustained touch, pain and temp of skeletal muscle and skin

Question 41

What do muscle spindles detect?

Answer 41

Changes in muscle length

Question 42

What does the Golgi tendon organ detect?

Answer 42

Changes in muscle tension

Question 43

What do general visceral reception function for?

Answer 43

Monitoring O2 and CO2 content in blood, solute concentration in blood, pH, blood pressure, pain, etc