Sensory System - Hearing

Question 1

The structures for hearing also coordinate balance.
True or Fasle

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are the 3 parts of the ear?

Answer 2

1. outer ear
2. middle ear
3. inner ear (labyrinth)

Question 3

The external auditory canal contains glands that excrete ______. a wax the repels insects

Answer 3

cerumen

Question 4

The middle ear forms the tympanic cavity. What does the tympanic cavity contain?

Answer 4

Malleus
incus
stapes

Question 5

The malleus, incus and stapes are known together as ________

Answer 5

Ossicles

Question 6

What is the function of the ossicles?

Answer 6

To transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the oval window

Question 7

The tympanic cavity opens into the pharyngotympanic tube. The pharyngotympanic tube leads to the _______.

Answer 7

nasopharnyx

Question 8

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing located?

Answer 8

The inner ear

Question 9

The inner ear is found the in the ______ bone

Answer 9

temnporal

Question 10

The inner ear is formed of a bony ________

Answer 10

labyrinth

Question 11

The bony labyrinth is covered with _______

Answer 11

endostium

Question 12

Name the 3 parts of the bony labyrinth

Answer 12

1. cochlea
2. vestibule
3. semicircular canals

Question 13

The bony labyrinth contains a membranous labyrinth.
True or False

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The cochlear duct is a membranous labyrinth in the ______ which transduces sound.

Answer 14

cochlea

Question 15

The utricle and accuse are mambraneous labyrinth in the _______ which transduce head posture

Answer 15

vestibule

Question 16

the semicircular ducts are the membraneous labyrinth in the _______ canals which transduce head movements

Answer 16

semicircular

Question 17

The membranous labyrinth contains a liquid called ________ that is similar to intracellular liquid and which is formed by the star vascular of the membrane

Answer 17

endolymph

Question 18

between the walls of the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth, there is _____, a liquid similar to extracellular or cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 18

perilymph

Question 19

What causes sounds?

Answer 19

changes in air pressure

Question 20

Sound waves have a _____ and ______

Answer 20

sound waves have an amplitude and frequency

Question 21

A large amplitude wave corresponds with a ____ sound while a small amplitude wave correspond with a _____ sound.

Answer 21

large amplitude = large sound
small amplitude = small sound

Question 22

Sound intensity is measured in decibels (dB). The threshold for hearing is ____ dB

Answer 22

0 dB

Question 23

Normal conversation can be heard at a ___ dB

Answer 23

50 dB

Question 24

While a rock concert is measured at ___ dB

Answer 24

90 dB

Question 25

___ db is the threshold at which we will feel pain.

Answer 25

130 dB

Question 26

A short duration wave corresponds to a _____ frequency sound ( a high pitch)

Answer 26

short duration wave = high frequncy

Question 27

A long duration wave corresponds to a ____ frequency sound (low pitch)

Answer 27

long wave = low frequency

Question 28

Sound waves are variations in _______

Answer 28

air pressure

Question 29

Explain how sound travels through the ear.

Answer 29

Waves enter through the external auditory canal and apply pressure to the tympanic membrane. Movements in the TM are transmitted to the malleus, incus and stapes, which strike the oval window, and this induces waves in the perilymph, where the energy of the waves will bulge the membrane

Question 30

Movement of the elastic window enduces waves in the perilymph that can propagate through the _____ vestibule, around the ______ and through the ____ tympani and this ends at the round window.

Answer 30

Movement of the elastic window enduces waves in the perilymph that can propagate through the scala vestibule, around the helicotrema and through the scala tympani and this ends at the round window.

Question 31

The waves enduce ____ of the cochlear duct and its sensory structure.

Answer 31

oscillations

Question 32

The sensory structures in the cochlear duct are called the _____ organ of the corti

Answer 32

spriral

Question 33

The spriral organ of the corti lies on the basilar membrane which extends from the base of the cochlear duct to _______ or ________

Answer 33

the apex or helicotrema

Question 34

The highest frequency sound vibrates the base of the ______ membrane

Answer 34

basilar

Question 35

The lowest frequency sound vibrates the ___

Answer 35

apex

Question 36

There are muscles on the first and last ossicle (malleous and stapes) which are recruited 40ms after the beginning of a strong sound to _____ the amplitude of the sound

Answer 36

reduce

Question 37

The spiral organ rests on the ______ membrane

Answer 37

basilar

Question 38

The spiral organ is composed of _______ cells and sensory ____ cells

Answer 38

supporting cells and sensory hair cells

Question 39

The supporting cells and sensory hair cells contain stereocilia that are attacted at the tectorial membrane. True or False

Answer 39

True

Question 40

The outer hair cells are stimulated by ___ fibres

Answer 40

efferent

Question 41

The inner hair cells detect _____

Answer 41

sound

Question 42

information is relayed to the contralateral superior olive which relays to the inferior colliculus and the thalamus which relays information to the ____ in the temporal lobe

Answer 42

cortex

Question 43

There are 2 kinds of deafness:

Answer 43

1. Conduction deafness 2. sensorineural deafness

Question 44

Explain conduction deafness

Answer 44

problem with the mechanical transmission

Question 45

Explain Sensorineural deafness

Answer 45

Problem with transmission of electrical activity

Question 46

If a patient can only hear the sound from a tuning fork when it is placed on the temporal bone then one can conclude that there is conduction deafness. Why?

Answer 46

Because the patient can only hear the vibrations of the tuning fork when they are transmitted it makes contact with the temporal lobe and the hair cells are stimulated

Question 47

What does tonotopic organization mean

Answer 47

There is an orderly numerical organization of sound frequencies reaching neighbouring areas

Question 48

Low frequencies are anterior in primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe. True or False

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Where is sound localized?

Answer 49

The auditory cortex

Question 50

how is sound localized by the auditory cortex

Answer 50

the temporal difference between the arrival of sound in the two ears and by the difference in intensity of sound that enters the ear

Question 51

Sound coming from the right will reach the left ear first and will be stronger in this ear True or False

Answer 51

False sound coming from the right will reach the right ear first.