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BIOL1103 > SENSORY SYSTEM (SIMPLIFIED) > Flashcards

SENSORY SYSTEM (SIMPLIFIED) Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Free nerve ending

A

Dendrites embedded in tissue and receives sensation (pain, temperature)

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2
Q

Encapsulated ending

A

Sensory nerve endings encapsulated in connective tissue and enhances sensitivity (pressure, touch)

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3
Q

Specialized receptor cell

A

Distinct structrural components to interpret specific stimulus (light; photoreceptor)

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4
Q

Exteroreceptor

A

Located near stimulus on external environment (somatosensory receptor on skin)

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5
Q

Intereoceptor

A

Interprets stimuli from internal organs and tissue (detect blood pressure)

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6
Q

Proprioceptor

A

Receptor located near moving part of body, interprets position of tissues as it moves

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7
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

Chemical stimuli (taste, smell)

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8
Q

Osmoreceptor

A

Respond to solute concentration of body fluid

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9
Q

Nocioreceptor

A

Pain

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10
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Physical stimuli (sound; low freq vibration 5-15 hz, balance)

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11
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Temperature

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12
Q

Photoreceptor

A

Light

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13
Q

General sense

A

Sense that is distributed throughout body with receptor cells within structures of other organs (touch, proprioception, balance)

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14
Q

Special sense

A

Sense with specific organ (eye, tongue, ear)

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15
Q

Somatosensation

A

Group of sensory modalities of vibration, pressure, touch, light, temperature, pain

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16
Q

Cutaneous receptors

A

Part of the somatosensory system with receptors located in skin

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17
Q

2 types of somatosensory signals

A

Pain and temperature

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18
Q

Bulbous corpuscle

A

Found in dermis and joint capsules detect stretch

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19
Q

Lamellated corpuscle

A

In dermis, subcutaneous tissue and detect high freq vibration ~250hz

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20
Q

Tactile corpuscle

A

In papillary dermis (fingertips and lips) and detect light touch vibrations below 50hz

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21
Q

Hair follicle plexus

A

Wrapped around hair follicle in dermis and detect movement of hair

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22
Q

Muscle spindle

A

With skeletal muscle fibres and detect muscle contraction and stretch

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23
Q

Tendon stretch organ

A

In line with tendon and detect stretch of tendons

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24
Q

Papillae

A

Raised bumps with taste bunds containing gustatory receptor cells

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25
Pathway of gustation
Sensory neuron --> medulla (increased saliva and gastric juice) --> thalamus --> cerebrum (taste perceived)
26
Surface of tongue structure
Oral cavity lined by stratified squamous epithelium
27
Where are olfactory receptor neurons found
Small regions of walls of superior nasal cavity
28
Superior nasal cavity structure
Olfactory epithelium and contain bipolar sensory neurons
29
Olfacory sensory neuron structure
Dendrites extending from apical surface of epithelium into mucus lining the cavity
30
Where can olfactory tract project
Extends from basal surface of epithelium through skull opening and connect to olfactory bulb to connect to cerebral cortex, temporary lobe, limbic system or hypothalamus
31
Limbic system and hypothalamus significance in olfactory
Smell becomes associated with long term memory and emotional responses
32
External ear component (3)
- Auricle (pinna) - Auditory canal - Tympanic membrane
33
Auricle
Large fleshy structure on lateral side of head, directs sound waves to auditory canal
34
Auditory canal
Enters skull and connects to tympanic membrane
35
Tympanic membrane
Ear drum and vibrates when struck by sound waves
36
Middle ear components
3 small bones called auditory ossicles; malleus, incus, stapes
37
Malleus
Attached to tympanic membrane and articulates with incus
38
Incus
Articulates with stapes
39
Stapes
Covers oval window that leads to inner ear
40
Outer and middle ear functions
Directing sound waves towards inner ear
41
Inner ear function
Sound waves traduced into neural signal
42
Inner ear components (2)
- Cochlea - Vestibule
43
Conductive deafness
Interference directing sound waves to inner ear
44
Eustachain tube
Tube that connects middle ear to pharynx to equilibrate air pressure through tympanic membrane
45
Cochlea
Transduces sound
46
Sensorineural deafness
Sound reaches inner ear but not perceived (damage to cochlea)
47
Scala vestibuli
Fluid filled tube in cochlea containing perilymph and runs above cochlear duct
48
Cochlear duct
Central cavity of cochlea containing endolymph and sound traducing neurons and the organ of corti
49
Scala tympani
Merges with Scala vestibuli running below cochlear duct
50
Vestibular membrane
Separates scala vestibuli and cochlear duct
51
Basilar membrane
Separates scala tympani and cochlear duct
52
Organ of corti
Contains hair cells (inner and outer)
53
Tectorial membrane
Gel like structure above hair cells
54
Utricle and saccule
Senses head position and linear acceleration
55
Semicircular ducts
Rotational movement of head
56
Macula tissue
Composed of hair cells surrounded by support cells and makes up utricle and saccule
57
Otolithic membrane
Located in vestibular system where hair cells extend to composed of calcium carbonate crystals
58
Palpebral conjuctiva
Connects eyelids to eyeball
59
Lacrimal gland
Tear production
60
Fibrous tunic
Outer layer of eye; sclera and cornea
61
Sclera
White areas of eyes most not visible
62
Cornea
Anterior tip of eye and allows light to enter
63
Vascular tunic
Middle layer of eye; choroid, ciliary body, iris
64
Choroid
Highly vascularized connective tissue providing blood supply to eyeball
65
Ciliary body
Muscle structure attached to lens by suspensory ligaments allowing to focus on light
66
Iris
Colored part of eye made up of circular sphincter papillae and radial dilator papillae that open and close pupil
67
Pupil
Hole at centre of eye for light
68
Neural tunic
Innermost layer (retina) for photoreceptor
69
Anterior cavity
Space between cornea and lens with aqueous humour
70
Posterior cavity
Space behind lens filled with vitreous humour
71
Optic disc
Blind spot; no photoreceptors here
72
Macula lutea
Small depression with a fovea in the exact centre of retina
73
Fovea
Only contains photoreceptors so it has the least amount of incoming light with sharpest vision
74
Inner segment of photoreceptor
Contains nucleus and organelles
75
Outer segment of photoreceptors
Where photoreception takes place
76
Rods
Contain rhodopsin (singular)
77
Cones
Contain opsin; sensitive to particular wavelength of light
78
Targets of the optic tract
2 in diencephalon, one in midbrain, and majority to thalamus (lateral geniculate nucleus)

BIOL1103 (24 decks)

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