Sentence Key Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
N ができます
出来ます
A
Can do the Noun
出来ます。is a potential form of します。
2
Q
V ことが出来ます
V ことができます
A
Can do Vdict(u)
3
Q
でも
A
Even for / even if
4
Q
V はず
A
Should be / surely the Vplain(た / ない)
5
Q
い adj. はず
A
Should be / surely the い adj.
6
Q
な adj. はず
A
Should be / surely the な adj.
7
Q
Noun の はず
A
Should be / surely the Noun の
8
Q
きっと
A
surely
9
Q
たぶん
A
Probably
10
Q
もしかしたら
A
Perhaps
(Too+but+if= maybe / however)
11
Q
Vv と思います
A
Idea to act the V volitional(おう/よう)
12
Q
Vv と思っています
A
Been thinking continuously the idea to V volitional(おう/よう)
13
Q
つもり
A
intention or planed to do
『Vdict(う る) or Vない』+ つもります
14
Q
予定
よてい
A
Scheduled or expected to do
『Vdict(う る) or Noun の』+ よてい (です)
15
Q
Vv か。
A
Inviting with or offer to
『V volitional(おう/よう)か。
or Vstem(ますx)ましょうか。』
16
Q
N でも
A
offers Noun or something else.
17
Q
V やすい
A
Easy to Vstem(ますx)
18
Q
Vにくい
A
Hard to Vstem(ますx)
19
Q
Vかた
A
How to Vstem(ますx)
20
Q
S1より、S2ほうが adj.
A
S1 is less, S2 is more of the Adjective
21
Q
~のです・のだ
~んです・んだ
A
expression of asking or answering in a casual accent about the:
「Vplain; い adj; な adj; Noun な」+ *
22
Q
それで
A
That’s why; And then?
Can connect two sentences
23
Q
S1 と S2
A
Sequence when S1 happened S2 will.
The sentence is to convince the fact is real.
と：Vdict * ; Vない * ; い adj. * or くない * ;
な adj. だ * or じゃない * same to Noun
24
Q
S1 たら S2
A
To comply the S2 task if S1 happened.
The sentence states to comply if condition is meet.
ら：Vた* or なかった* ; い adj(いx)かった* or くなかった* ;
な adj(なx) だった* or じゃなかった* same to Noun*,
25
Vconditional form
This is same with なら sentence.
Verb in conditional form
## footnote
V: i~e えば or れば ；き~くれば ; し~すれば
いadj. (いx) + ければ
なadj. (なx) + ならば ; same to Noun
26
S1 なら S2
To recommend the S2 if S1 happened.
## footnote
なら：Vplain* ; い adj.plain * ; な adj.plain * ; Noun *
27
Interrogative なら / ば + いいですか。
Asking recommendation or how to do task/conditions.
28
と / なら / ば + いいです。
It expresses desires or hopes of what will happened next.
29
V ないと いけません
Have to do ; must do
30
V なくては いけません
Have to do ; must do
31
V ないと なりません
Have to do ; must do
32
V なくては なりません
Have to do ; must do
33
V なければ いけません
must do
34
V なければ なりません
Must do
35
V でもいいです
you can/may do
36
V てもかまわないです
you can/may do
37
V なくてもいいです
don’t have to do
38
V なくてもかまわないです
don’t have to do
39
Vdict(u) ことがあります
V occasionally happend
40
Vdict(u) こともあります
V occasionally happend
41
*そう(な)
Looks like
## footnote
Vstem * ; いadj * ; なadj *
42
よさそう
Looks good
いい to よさそう
43
なさそう
i looks not (that)
ない to なさそう
44
* よう (です・だ）
Seems like
Sentence about Factual judgement
## footnote
Vplain *; いadj.* ; なadj.* ; Noun の*
45
~すぎる
〜too much of
## footnote
Vstem* ; いadj(いx) ; なadj(なx)
46
~なさすぎます
~dont do much of
ない to なさ+ すぎます
47
~よすぎます
~is too good
いい to よ+ すぎます
48
がる
がります
It appears like
Sentence about behaviors or feelings
## footnote
Vstem た*; いadj.(いx)* ; なadj.(なx)*
49
“##”~も
Quantity is higher than expected
Value+unit+も
50
“##”~は
Quantity is at least or minimum to expected
## footnote
Value+unit+は
51
Adj.+さ
Nominalizing adjective in to unit/standard levels
Ex: Thickness, speed, coldness, etc…
## footnote
いadj.(いx)* ; なadj.(なx)*
52
(によると）~そうだ
## footnote
〜そうです
information by “heard” or base on “news” it will.
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*,*; いadj.* ; なadj.(なx)＋だ* ; Noun＋だ*
53
〜らしい
observation/information by guess or gossip it was.
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*,*; いadj.* ; なadj.(なx)* ; Noun
54
みたいな
## footnote
〜見たいです
observation metamorphosis sentence.
Ex: famous be like, taste like, sound’s like etc. .
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*,*; いadj.* ; なadj.(なx)* ; Noun
55
S1+と聞く
i heard it from~
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*
56
S1+と書く
It’s written that~
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*
57
S1+と読む
it’s read as~
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*
58
S1+と言う
It say’s that~
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*
59
S1+と思う
I think that~
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*
60
〜ので、〜
cause and effect sentence.
“By that”, “and so/now”
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*,*; いadj.* ; なadj.* ; Noun+な*、〜
61
〜ため(に)
cause and effect sentence.
“By reason of”, “due to the fact”
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*; いadj.* ; なadj.* ; Noun+の*、〜
62
〜て・で、〜
cause and effect sentence.
“And (so)”, “therefore”
## footnote
Vて; いadj.(いx)で; なadj.(なx)で ; Noun+で、〜
63
〜ため(に)
Purpose and benifit sentence.
“For the sake of”, “in order to”
## footnote
Vdict.(う・る)*; Noun+の*、〜
64
〜(の）に
Purpose or uses sentence.
“Is for”, “is use to”, “it makes”
## footnote
Vdict.(う・る)＋のに〜; Noun+に〜
65
Vなさい。
command to do something.
often use by women(mother).
## footnote
Vstem＋なさい
66
V＋な
strong instruction/prohibition
## footnote
Vdict.(う・る)な。
67
Vて・Vないで
Soft instruction/prohibition
## footnote
Vdict.(う・る)な。
68
V て V
“After doing the V”
## footnote
Same meaning to “S1 Vてから S2“
69
V ないで V
Without doing the V
## footnote
Same meaning to “S1 Vないで S2“
70
V+ずに
Without doing the V
## footnote
Same meaning to “S1 Vずに S2“
Vない = Vすに ; する = せずに
71
Nをあげましょうか。
## footnote
Nをさしあげましょうか。
Shall i give -Noun?
72
Nをもらいませんか
## footnote
Nをいただけませんか。
Could i have/take it -Noun?
73
Nをくれませんか
## footnote
Nをくださいませんか。
Could you give it -Noun?
74
〜の？
Asking question ending expressively
## footnote
Plain form of “のですか・んですか“
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*; いadj.* ; なadj.* ; Noun + な + の？
75
〜かな(あ)
Asking oneself of doubt or wondering something
Also, use to ask curiosity or permission.
## footnote
same with だそうか
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*; いadj.* ; なadj.(なx)* ; Noun + かな(あ)
76
N + 計り
## footnote
N + ばかり
It is the N “only” that is doing over and over again.
Sentence express thoughts why N is happening.
## footnote
計り means only; nothing but; no more than
77
Vて + 計りいる
## footnote
Vて + ばかりいます
It is the V that is doing over and over again.
Sentence express thoughts why V is happening.
## footnote
計り means only; nothing but; no more than
78
Vて+ あげる・さしあげる
私・Nは will do the favor of doing V for Nに
79
Vて+ もらう・いただく
Vて+ もらえませんか・いただけませんか
私・Nは ask the favor of doing the V by Nに
*ませんか is indirect asking the favor highlight self to Nに.
80
Vて+くれる・くださる
Vて+ くれませんか・くださいませんか
Nは will do the favor of doing V for 私・Nに
*ませんか is direct asking the favor to Nは.
81
Vて+ やる
## footnote
casual form to します・あげる
私・Nは do the favor to do V for Nに(animal)
82
N + にする
Decide to Noun
83
いadj.+く+ する
## footnote
いadj.(いx) くします
Make it Adjective
84
なadj.(なx) +に+ する
## footnote
なadj.(なx) にします
Make it Adjective
85
こんな *
This “*idea;*thing,*topic” near speaker(control).
86
そんな *
That “*idea;*thing,*topic” near listener (control).
87
あんな *
That “*idea;*thing,*topic” That is shared by each other.
88
どんな *
Asking question about that “*idea;*thing,*topic”
89
こう
Like this (idea/task)
90
そう
Like that (idea/task)
91
ああ V
Like that so (idea/task)
92
どう + V・N
Asking question how about V・N
93
それ・その・そこ
“that” are use for idea that speaker and listener had talk before/recently or the speaking is asking that is not sure about.
94
これ・この・ここ
“this” are use for idea only the speaker has or more sure about.
## footnote
You can add “か” at the end to ask the listener about the topic.
95
あれ・あの・あそこ
“that” are use to remind or ask the listener about the topic that experience by both before (feels long ago).
## footnote
It is also use to express interest about the idea that is not near to happened again. (Someday, after a long time, after years of)
96
Vdict + ようになる
## footnote
Vd + ように成ります
Over a time you getting used to do the V
97
Vpotential + ようになる
## footnote
Vp + 様に成りますた
Over a time you getting more able to do the V
## footnote
様 means to try to or polite suffix (Mr/Mrs)
98
Vdict・Vp + なくなる
## footnote
Vd ・Vp + なく成りますた
Inability to get used to or able to do the V
Or difficulty to do a task.
99
Vdict + ようにする
## footnote
Vd + 様にします
It is to express “effort” to do the V
## footnote
様 means to try to or polite suffix (Mr/Mrs)
100
Vない+ ようにする
## footnote
Vない+ 様にします
It is to express “effort” not to do the V
## footnote
様 means to try to or polite suffix (Mr/Mrs)
101
Vvolitional + とする
## footnote
Vv + 為します
“attempt” to do Verb (that but fails)
## footnote
為 means benefit, result of, be of use
102
Vvolitional + としている
## footnote
Vv + 為しています
“attempt” of doing Verb
## footnote
為 means benefit, result of, be of use
103
Vvolitional + としません。
## footnote
Vv + 為しません
did not “attempt” to do Verb
## footnote
為 means benefit, result of, be of use
104
Vvolitional + としたとき、〜
## footnote
Vv + 為した時、〜
when it “attempt” to do Verb
## footnote
為 means benefit, result of, be of use
105
Vvolitional + とすると、〜
## footnote
Vv + 為すると、〜
if we “attempt” to do Verb
## footnote
とすると means if we make / take / assume to.
106
Vdict + ことになる
## footnote
Vd + 事に成りますた
It is been “decided” by other person to V
## footnote
事 means matter or thing or fact
107
Vない + ことになる
## footnote
V ない + 事に成りますた
It is been “decided” by other person not to V
## footnote
事 means matter or thing or fact
108
Vdict + ことにする
## footnote
Vd + 事にしますた
It is been “decided” by me to V
## footnote
事 means matter or thing or fact
109
V ない + ことにする
## footnote
V ない + 事にしますた
It is been “decided” by me not to V
## footnote
事 means matter or thing or fact
110
Vs + 始める
## footnote
Vs + はじめます
to starting the V
## footnote
始め means start or beginning
111
Vs + 出す
## footnote
Vs + だします
it started (suddenly) the V
## footnote
出す means begin or to publish
112
Vs + 終わる
## footnote
Vs + おわります
it finish doing the V
## footnote
終わ means end or finish
113
Vs + 続ける
## footnote
Vs + つづけます
currently keeps on(continuing) doing the V
## footnote
The sentence highlights that it currently keeps on(continuing) doing the V, but not telling when it started.
It is often use to natural event where no one knows when the event begins but experience the continuity of it.
= nagaaral na
続け means to continue or to keep up
114
Vている〜
it highlights that it started and currently keeps on(continuing) doing the V,
## footnote
115
Vdict + ところだ
## footnote
Vd + 所です
an action or event “will take place” before the topic.
## footnote
所 means place or about to
116
Vた+ ところだ
## footnote
Vた +所です
an action or event “had take place” right after the topic.
## footnote
所 means place or about to
117
Vた+ ばかりだ
## footnote
Vた + 計りです
It means an event had “just” take place.
Whether when it started happened it belittle’s the time period. Ex: I just had~ ; I just went~ ; I just been~.
## footnote
計り means only; nothing but; no more than
118
Vた+ まま
in the sentence the V is taken action to remain still.
## footnote
まま means as it is; one in a while;
119
〜かどうか
〜“if yes or no” about the information 〜“whether or not”
## footnote
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*,*; いadj.* ; なadj.(なx)* ; Noun
120
『〜』+ かどうか + V。
〜“whether or not” Verb question.
## footnote
It means you’re giving 『〜』reference idea that you’re not sure if it will be yes or no.
121
Vて + おく
## footnote
Vて + 置ます
(Had) made the Verb take place in advance.
## footnote
置く means to place; to establish; do in advance
122
Vて + しまう
## footnote
Vて + しまいます
しまう express concern on verb that had/will disappoint.
Its like “OMG!” Add for any sentence.
123
Vて + みる
## footnote
Vて + 見ます
it means to do the Verb and see the result.
124
Vて + いく
## footnote
Vて + 行きます
it means 『〜』sentence is going to.
## footnote
It could be physically or imaginary/idea
Ex: going to grow, take to, went to, go away
125
〜Vて + くる
## footnote
〜Vて + 来ます
it means 『〜』sentence is coming towards
## footnote
It could be physically or imaginary/idea
Ex: came to, becomes
126
〜こと
## footnote
〜事
it is use to be the clause indicator of the sentence
『〜』that “fact” 『〜』
## footnote
Any information before the こと becomes a whole noun or fact.
事 means matter or thing or fact
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*; いadj.* ; なadj. + こと・の
127
〜ということ
## footnote
〜と言う事
it is use separate the fact and speaker thoughts to say about it.
『〜』that “fact” 『〜』
## footnote
と言う is use as explanation ender.
と言う事 means that is to say or that means
Vplain(う・る,たい,ない,た)*; いadj.* ; なadj.(なx)だ + ということ・というの
128
〜であること
## footnote
〜で有る事
it is use separate the fact and speaker becomings about the fact.
『〜』that “fact” 『〜』
## footnote
Any information before the こと becomes a whole noun or fact.
有る事 means to be that
なadj.(なx)* ; Noun + であること・であるの
129
R は D に Vpass。
The receiver directly benefits “by” Doer(Noun に action(verb).
## footnote
Direct passive means physically or emotionally received the “Noun に“ action.
130
R は (place で）D に object or event を Vpass。
The receiver indirectly affected “by” Doer(Noun に） action(verb) to the object/event.
## footnote
Indirect passive means affected emotionally by “Noun に“ action.
131
C は Rv に object or place を Vcau。
The Causer “force/made/let” Rvictim to do the verb.
## footnote
The “に” indicated it as “に: being let” or “を: forced”
in sentences double を is not good, so it is replaced into に。
132
Vcau て + ください
It means the speaker is asking “let” Rv(に Rvictim) do the Verb + “please”
133
Vcau て + あげる
It means the speaker say Causer “made/let” the Rv(に Rvictim) do the Verb
134
Vcau て + もらう
It means the speaker is Couser is “make/let” by (に Rvictim) benefits of its action (Verb)
135
Vcau て + くれる
It means the speaker say Rv(に Rvictim) is “made/let” by Causer to do the Verb
