sentence structure, qui and singulars+plurals

Question 1

what is a defective verb?

Answer 1

verbs which lack a number of forms. coepi, memini, odi are limited mainly to perfect-stem forms. memini and odi, perfect in form, are present in meaning.

Question 2

give the 3 types of sentence

Answer 2

1. simple
2. compound
3. complex

Question 3

what one crucial thing do simple sentences contain?

Answer 3

only one finite verb (or its equivalent, a historic infinitive)

Question 4

what is a compound sentence?

Answer 4

a combination of two or more simple sentences linked by one or more conjunctions.

Question 5

what two things do complex sentences contain?

Answer 5

1. a simple sentence (the principal sentence)

2. another sentence (a subordinate clause) which is grammatically and logically dependent on the main clause.

Question 6

give the two parts of a simple sentence

Answer 6

1. the subject

2. the predicate

Question 7

what is the predicate?

Answer 7

either a verb or contains a verb, indicating the action or state of the subject

Question 8

what is the complement?

Answer 8

that which defines the action, state or quality of the subject. combined with verbs like sum, it forms the predicate

Question 9

what are copulative verbs? give 4 examples.

Answer 9

verbs which link the subject with the complement:

1. sum
2. appareo
3. maneo
4. videor

Question 10

what two things may the complement be?

Answer 10

1. an adjective

2. a substantive

Question 11

explain what sort of predicate ‘soleo legere’ is.

Answer 11

a complex predicate, in which the main verb (soleo) requires as its object another verb in the infinitive to complete its meaning.

Question 12

what sort of object(s) do transitive verbs take?

Answer 12

a direct object, but it may also take an indirect object

Question 13

what sort of object(s) do intransitive verbs take?

Answer 13

an indirect object in the dative

Question 14

what 4 things may simple sentences be clarified as?

Answer 14

1. statements (including exclamations)
2. commands
3. wishes
4. questions

Question 15

how does the relative pronoun qui, quae, quod agree with its antecedent?

Answer 15

in gender and number

Question 16

how does the relative pronoun qui, quae, quod not agree with its antecedent?

Answer 16

in case, which operates in its own clause

Question 17

when the nouns in the subject disagree in gender, what gender does the adjective in the predicate take?

Answer 17

always masculine

Question 18

when several subjects of the third person are united or listed, how does the verb sometimes work?

Answer 18

the verb can sometimes be found in the singular, agreeing with the nearest singular subject.

Question 19

if the nouns of a composite subject form a single notion, how may the verb work? give an example sentence

Answer 19

the verb may be singular:

senatus populusque Romanus intellegit

Question 20

explain how ‘plural for singular’ can work. give a sentence as an eg.

Answer 20

sometimes when a collective noun is the subject, although it is singular in form, the verb and predicative adjectives are plural:
pars militum capti, pars occisi sunt.

Question 21

how does the subject operate with a historic infinitive? Give a sentence as an eg

Answer 21

when a historic inf is used for the past tense of a finite verb, the nominative remains as the subject:
tum pius Aeneas umeris abscindere vestem.

Question 22

what can sometimes take the place of the vocative? give a sentence as an eg.

Answer 22

the nom sometimes takes the place of the voc:
audi, tu, populus Albanus
Hear, you, people of Asia!