Separating Mixtures

Question 1

What Is fractional distillation and how does it work

Answer 1

• it separates a liquid from a mixture of liquids
• when you heat up the mixture, one of the liquids will evaporate and move up the each fractioning column, stopping on each level, eventually, the liquid with the lowest boiling point will evaporate and the process will continue until all of the liquids have been evaporated and separated

Question 2

What is simple distillation and how does it work

Answer 2

• separates a solvent from a solution
• the solution is heated until the solvent evaporates, the gas is collected and then is condensed in the cooling chamber, where it is then collected in a Beaker

Question 3

Crystallisation

Answer 3

• it separates a solute form a solvent
• produces a dry sample of the solute
• works by heating the solution up until the solvent evaporates, leaving the solute behind

Question 4

What is filtration

Answer 4

• Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid
• filter paper lets through liquid as filtrate
• the insoluble solid substance left over forms residue

Question 5

Chromatography

Answer 5

• stationary phase = paper (in paper chromatography it is the silica that it is coated in)
• mobile phase = the solvent
• the substances are distributed between phase
• it is used to separate mixtures
• Rf = distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent

Question 6

What does it mean if the substance travels up very high in paper chromatography

Answer 6

It means that the substance has high bonding with the mobile phase (the solvent). If it does not move up that high, it means it has a higher bonding with the stationary phase.