Separating Mixtures Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is a mixture?
A mixture is made of different substances not chemically bonded, so they can be separated.
What is a compound?
A substance where elements are chemically bonded; it’s harder to separate than a mixture.
What is the difference between a pure and impure substance?
A pure substance has a single melting point; an impure one melts over a range.
What are the two parts of a solution?
Solvent (the liquid) and solute (the substance that dissolves).
What does solubility mean?
How much solute can dissolve in 100g of water at a certain temperature.
What does “saturated” mean in a solution?
No more solute can dissolve; the solution is full.
What is filtration used for?
To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
What are the names of the two parts left after filtration?
Residue (solid) and filtrate (liquid).
What is paper chromatography?
A method to separate substances in a solution based on how they move on paper.
What does a chromatogram show?
The different parts of an ink separated by chromatography.
Why don’t you use pen to draw the origin line?
It will move along the paper making the results invalid.
What is evaporation used for?
To separate a dissolved solute from a solvent.
What happens during evaporation?
The solvent evaporates, leaving the solute behind.
What is distillation?
A method to separate a solvent from a solution by evaporation and condensation.
What is the difference between fractional and simple distillation?
Fractional distillation is used to separate two or more liquids with similar boiling points, but simple distillation doesn’t have a fractionating column, and can only separate a liquid from a solution of a solid and a liquid.
What is the function of a condenser in distillation?
It cools the vapour turning it back into a liquid.
What is the purpose of chromatography paper?
To separate dissolved substances in ink or dye as they move with the solvent.
What is a solvent?
The liquid which the solute in a solution dissolves in.
What is an insoluble substance?
A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent.
How can temperature affect solubility?
Solids are more soluble at higher temperatures, while gases are more soluble at lower temperatures.
