Separating Mixtures

Question 1

pressure

Answer 1

Pressure: a push or squeeze on an object

Question 2

Dissolved

Answer 2

Dissolved: describes a substance that has mixed completely with a liquid so that it is no longer visible. Dissolving requires the substance to separate into very small particles

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

Solution: a mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Solutions are transparent but may be coloured.

Question 4

Solute

Answer 4

Solute: a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution

Question 5

Solvent

Answer 5

Solvent: a substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution

Question 6

Aqueous solutions

Answer 6

Aqueous solutions: solutions in which water is the solvent

Question 7

Soluble

Answer 7

Soluble: describes a substance that will dissolve in a liquid

Question 8

Insoluble

Answer 8

Insoluble: describes a substance that will not dissolve in a liquid

Question 9

Chemical reaction

Answer 9

Chemical reaction: a chemical change in which one or more new chemical substances is produced

Question 10

Concentrated

Answer 10

Concentrated: describes a solution containing a large amount of solute

Question 11

Saturated

Answer 11

Saturated: unable to dissolve any more solute

Question 12

Dilution

Answer 12

Dilution: the process of adding more solvent to a solution to make it less concentrated

Question 13

Suspension

Answer 13

Suspension: a mixture of a gas or liquid and an insoluble substance. The insoluble substance settles to the bottom when the mixture is left to stand

Question 14

Filtration

Answer 14

Filtration: the process of separating suspended particles from fluid through a filter

Question 15

Sediment

Answer 15

Sediment: Remaining solids at the bottom of the liquid

Question 16

Colloid

Answer 16

Colloid: A cloudy mixture neither a solution nor a suspension

Question 17

Filtrate

Answer 17

Filtrate: liquid that has passed through a filter; that is, a porous material through which fluid can pass while suspended particles are retained

Question 18

Residue

Answer 18

Residue: the material remaining as a solid on a filter paper after a liquid passes through in the filtration procedure

Question 19

Emulsion

Answer 19

Emulsion: a colloid with droplets of one liquid spread evenly through another

Question 20

Decanting

Answer 20

Decanting: pouring liquid off the top when sediment has settled to the bottom of the container

Question 21

Sieving

Answer 21

Sieving: separating particles of different sizes by allowing the smaller particles to fall through holes in a container

Question 22

Separating funnel

Answer 22

Separating funnel: a pear-shaped glass container, with a tap at its base, used to separate two liquids that do not mix. Opening the tap removes the bottom liquid and the liquid floating on top is left in the funnel

Question 23

Centrifuging

Answer 23

Centrifuging: separating a mixture by rotating the container quickly. The heavier parts of the mixture move to the outside of the spinning container

Question 24

Distillation

Answer 24

Distillation: a separation technique that uses evaporation to separate substances. The mixture is heated so that one substance evaporates. The vapour is collected and condenses into a liquid

Question 25

Evaporates

Answer 25

Evaporates: change state from liquid to gas

Question 26

Water condenser

Answer 26

Water condenser: a glass device for cooling a gas to form a liquid. It is a tube within a tube. The gas flows through the inner tube while water moves through the surrounding outer tube to cool the gas

Question 27

Condenses

Answer 27

Condenses: change state from gas to liquid

Question 28

Distillate

Answer 28

Distillate: the liquid collected during distillation when the evaporated substance condenses

Question 29

Distilled water

Answer 29

Distilled water: pure water collected by condensing steam

Question 30

Crystallisation

Answer 30

Crystallisation: a separation technique that uses evaporation to separate the parts of a solution. The solvent evaporates and leaves behind the solute as crystals.

Question 31

Reverse osmosis

Answer 31

Reverse osmosis: a technique by which a fluid moves under pressure through a membrane from a high solute concentration to a lesser concentration; used to purify water

Question 32

Osmosis

Answer 32

Osmosis: the process of separating using a membrane through which one constituent cannot pass

Question 33

Paper chromatography

Answer 33

Paper chromatography: method of separating a mixture of different colours. The liquid soaks through the paper and carries the mixture with it. Some substances are carried faster than others so the substances are separated along the paper

Question 34

Plasma

Answer 34

Plasma: the yellowish, liquid part of blood that contains water, minerals, food and wastes from cells

Question 35

Red blood cells

Answer 35

Red blood cells: living cells in the blood that transport oxygen to all other living cells in the body. Oxygen is carried by the red pigment, haemoglobin

Question 36

White blood cells

Answer 36

White blood cells: living cells that fight bacteria and viruses. They are part of the human body’s immune system

Question 37

Platelets

Answer 37

Platelets: small bodies involved in blood clotting. They are responsible for healing by clumping together around a wound