Separation Techniques Flashcards
(12 cards)
Define: Hand separation
Separating substances in a mixture with your hands, a magnet, or strainer based on differences in size, colour, and shape.
Define: Filtration
Separation based on particle size;
1. Mixture is poured through a filter
2. Small particles go through the filter and are called the filtrate
3. Larger particles stay in the filter and are called the residue
Define: Evaporation
The mixture of a dissolved solid in liquid is heated so the liquid evaporates and the solid remains.
Define: Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with different boiling points.
1. The mixture is heated until it boils
2. The liquid with a higher vapor pressure will vaporize first
3. This vapor is collected and condensed in a separate container (a purified liquid/distillate
Define: Solvent Extraction
There is two possibilities:
a) Separate two solids, mechanically mixed, by dissolving one of them
b) Separate a liquid or solid from a liquid solution
1. Add an in insoluble solvent (oil + water)
2. The solvent dissolves one substance; leaves the other(s) alone
Define: Crystallization
A solid is separated from a liquid by heating to dissolve and then cooling it, encouraging the formation of crystals from the extra solid that the liquid can no longer hold.
Define: Gravity Separation
To separate desired solids from a mechanical mixture based on their density.
Define: Paper Chromatography
Separates small amounts of dissolved solids and liquids by their different rates of migration across a piece of paper.
Electrolysis (Separation of Compounds)
Chemical change, especially decomposition, produced in an electrolyte by an electric current passed through a compound.
Examples of Crystallization
Rock candy, Salt crystals from sea water
Examples of Hand separation
Separating stones from rice, fresh potatoes from rotten,
