Seperating Mixtures Flashcards
What does miscible mean?
Liquids that do mix together.
What does immiscible mean?
Liquid that do not not mix together and produce 2 separate layers.
What piece of scientific apparatus is used to separate miscible liquids?
A Liebig condenser
How are miscible liquids with very different boiling points separated?
Distillation
How can you separate oil and balsamic vinegar?
Separating funnel
How do you separate a salt water solution? Obtaining salt
Evaporation of water using heat leaving the salt
How do you separate single malt whiskey. You want to keep the ethanol.
Distillation
How do you separate crude oil?
Fractional distillation
What is another way to separate mixtures?
Chromotography
To work out the rf value…
The distance moved by solvent front
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.
How do you split up large hydrocarbons?
You heat up the hydrocarbons at a high pressure.
Why is fraction distillation used instead on simple distillation?
Because simple distillation is used when the boiling points of different substances are very far away where as fractional is used when they are very close together.
What are refinery gases used for?
Fuel
What is gasoline used for
Fuel for cars
What is kerosine used for?
Planes
What is diesel used for?
Lorries
What are bitumen used for?
Lubricating oils and roads surfaces
Describe how the fractional distillation of crude oil process works.
Crude oil is heated at the bottom of the tower. The tower is hotter at the bottom and cool at the top. Crude oil evaporates and rises up the tower. Different boiling points condense at different compartments. Lower boiling points condense at the top. Higher boiling points condense at the bottom.
