Seperation Methods 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a Mixture?
Two or more substances mixed but not chemically combined.
What is a Pure Substance?
All particles are identical (e.g., water, gold).
What is an Impure Substance?
Contains different types of particles.
What does Soluble mean?
Can dissolve in a solvent (e.g., sugar in water).
What does Insoluble mean?
Cannot dissolve (e.g., sand in water).
What is a Solute?
The solid that dissolves (e.g., salt).
What is a Solvent?
The liquid that dissolves the solute (e.g., water).
What is crystallisation?
Dissolved solid forms crystals as liquid evaporates.
What is distillation?
Separates liquids by boiling/condensing (collects distillate; leaves residue).
What is fractional distillation?
Separates mixed liquids with different boiling points.
What is suspension?
Mix where solid particles eventually settle (e.g., muddy water).
Example: muddy water.
What is Boiling?
Liquid turns to gas at a fixed temperature (all particles involved).
What is the Boiling Point?
Temperature where a liquid fully turns to gas.
What is Condensation?
Gas cools and becomes liquid.
What is Evaporation?
Liquid turns to gas at any temperature (only surface particles).
What is Sublimation?
Solid turns directly into gas (skips liquid phase).
What is a uniform mix of solute and solvent?
A solution (e.g., saltwater).
What does saturated mean?
No more solute can dissolve in the solvent.
What does miscible mean?
Two liquids that can mix (e.g., water + alcohol).
What does immiscible mean?
Two liquids that can’t mix (e.g., oil + water).
What is filtration?
Separates insoluble solids from liquids (residue stays on filter; filtrate passes through).
