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CLASP - Year 3 > Sepsis Week > Flashcards

Sepsis Week Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

types of bacteria

A

gm +ve
gm -ve
anaerobes
atypical

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2
Q

difference between gram -ve and +ve staining and why

A

gram +ve = purple as thick wall so retains stain

gram -ve = piNk as thin wall

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3
Q

where are anaerobes found

A

[dirty places as don’t breathe air]

mouth, teeth, throat, sinuses and lower bowel

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4
Q

types of infection which may have aneorobes

A

abscesses, dental infections, peritonitis, appendicitis

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5
Q

where are atypical bacteria found

A

chest (resp) and genito-urinary tract

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6
Q

commoon atypical bacterial infections

A

pneumonia, urethritis, PID

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7
Q

gm +ve bacteria found whree

A

skin and mucous membranes

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8
Q

in which infections is gm +ve common

A

pneumonia, sinuitis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, wound infection, line infecition

[found skin and mucous membranes]

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9
Q

gram negatives are usually found where

A

GIT

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10
Q

gram negatives are usually involved inwhich common infections

A

UTI, peritioinitis, biliary infection, pancreatitis, PID

[as found in GIT]

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11
Q

general adverse effects of antibiotics

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rashses, candida infections

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12
Q

penicillin specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

hypersensitivity/skin reactions

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13
Q

fluxlocacillin and co-amoxiclav specific adverse effects [not allergy]

A

cholestatic jaundice

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14
Q

clindamycin, cephalosporins and quinolones specific adverse effects [not allergy]

A

c dif colitis

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15
Q

macrolides specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

GI distrubance, hepatitis, QT interval prolongation

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16
Q

quinolones specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

QT interval, convulsions, tendonitis

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17
Q

aminoglycosides/glycopeptides specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

nephroxociity/ototoxicity

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18
Q

vancomycin specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

red man syndrome (turn red - slow infusion)

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19
Q

tetracyclines specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

hepatotoxicity, staining teeth (avoid in children), photosensitivity (MUST wear suncream), dysphagia

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20
Q

nitrofurantoin specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

peripheral neuropathy, pulmonary fibrosis

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21
Q

sulphonamides (co-trimoxazole) specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

stevens johnson syndrome, blood dyscrasia

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22
Q

trimethoprim specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

blood dyscrasias

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23
Q

chloramphenicol specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

aplastic anaemia, grey baby

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24
Q

linezolid specific adverse effects [not allery]

A

blood dyscrasias, MAOI, optic neuropathy

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25
sodium fusidate specific adverse effects [not allery]
hepatotoxicity
26
absorption of tetracyclines and quinolones is reduced by what
antacids/calcium
27
broad spc antimicrobials effect on warfarin
increase INR
28
coagulase positive gram positive bacteria
staph aureus
29
how to categorise streptococcus types
haemolysis
30
haemolysis results for strep
``` alpha = partial (greenish) beta = complete gamma = non-haemolytic ```
31
coagulase test is used to differentiate which type of bacteria
staphylococci (gram psotive cocci)
32
staph aureus is what
gram +ve, catalase and coagulase positive pathogen
33
types of infection caused by staph aureus
skin infections
34
mx of staph aureus
flucloxacillin
35
ALL beta-haemolytic strep (EG: GAS) are sensitive to what
penicillin and flucloxacillin
36
for pneumococci and menignococci what antibiotics is preferred
amoxicillin as better absorption orally than penicillin
37
most haemophilus influenzae is sensitve to what
amoxicillin and doxycycline
38
what do you give for acute epiglottis and why
ceftriaxone (due to haem influenzae but some resistant to amoxicillin so give this as cannot risk iit not working as this is a life threatening condition)
39
most pneumococci are sensitive to what
doxycycline
40
pneumococci are what
infections caused by streptococcus pneumoniae (Eg: ottitis media, pneumonia, bacteraemia, meningitis, sinusitis)
41
if haemophilus influenzae causing severe lung infection which antibiotic covers for this
co-amoxiclav
42
atypical antibiotic cover
doxycycline and clarithromysin (not for legionella)
43
levofloxacin is what
restritcted but good cover of MRSA, haem influ, pneumococci, coliforms and legionella
44
what needs high dose IV antibiotcs to prevent bacteraemia and vegitations
endocarditis and septic arthritis
45
only time don't give IV antibiotics in sepsis
c-diff infection as needs to be oral to be topical
46
staph aureus antibiotics
flucloxacillin
47
coagulase negative staph in ednocarditis mx (eg staph epi)
vancomycin + gent + rifampicin (as unpredictable sensitivity to fluxclos)
48
most enterococci sensitive to
amoxicillin
49
anaerobes sensitive to
metronidazole
50
coliforms sensitive to
gentamicicn and most to aztreonam
51
why can only use nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated lower UTIs
lacks kidney pentration and is NOT excreted in urine in renal impairment
52
severe systemic infection of unkown cause mx
amoxicillin + gent + metronidazole (condiser fluclox/vanc if staph susepcted) if pen al vanc instead
53
bugs likely for meningitis
pneumococcus (strep pneumo) meningococcus and if >60 then listeria
54
meningitis listeria suspected cause
amoxicillin (as resistant to cephalosporins)
55
meningitis empirical therapy
ceftriaxone and dexamethasone
56
encephalitis bugs
herpes simplex
57
mx of encephalitis empirical
acyclovir
58
epiglottitis likely bugs
haemophilus influenzae or streptococci
59
mx of epiglotitis
ceftriaxone - as life threatening so give greater cover to cover resistant strains
60
tonsilitis likely bug
GAS (s pyogenes)
61
sinusitis likely bug
pneumococcus
62
acute otitis media likely bugs
pneumococcus, haemophilus influenzae
63
test if suspect legionella
urinary antigen test
64
mild/mod CAP mx
amoxicillin or doxy if allergy
65
severe CAP mx
co-amoxiclav + doxy (levofluoxacin monotherapy if allergy) ICU - co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin (same alt if pen al)
66
acute exacerbation of COPD mx
- antibiotics if increased sputum purulence if not then NO antibiotics unless consolidation on CXR or signs of pneumonia - 1st line = amoxicillin, 2nd line = doxycycline
67
HAP non-severe vs severe mx
non-severe = amoxicillin (doxy if al) severe = IV amoxicillin + gent (co-trimoxazole if al)
68
aspiration pneumo non-severe vs severe
non-severe = amoxicillin + metronidazole (doxy if pen al) severe = amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin)
69
endocarditis likely bug: native valve acute native valve subacute prosthetic valve
native acute = stpah aureus native subacute = strep viridans or enterococci pprosthetic = MRSA, coagulase neg staph (eg: stap epi)
70
native valve subacute (viridans or enterococci) blood cultures
3 sets 6hrs apart if stable
71
native valve acute samples
2 blood cultures and start antibiotics empriical in the hour
72
native valve subacute (viridans or enterococci) mx
amoxicillin + gentamicin
73
prosthetic valve mx
vancomycin + gentamicin and rifampicin
74
risk factors for c diff
antibiotic use, prolonged hospital stay, PPI/H2 antagonist use, increased age, surgical procedure, immunosuppression
75
precautions with c diff
isolate in single room - must use soap as spores so hand gel doesn’t work
76
first line for c diff
ORAL vancomycin (only time give oral antibiotics in sepsis as needs to be topical)
77
acute gastroenteritis antibiotics
NONE - risks HUS
78
peritonitis/biliary tract sepsis bugs
polymicrobial coliforms (e coli), anaerobes and enterococci (gm +ve e faecalis etc)
79
mx for Peritonitis/biliary tract sepsis/intra-abdominal
IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin (replace amox with vanc if pen al)
80
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis mx
co-trimoxazole if mild | piperacillin or tazobactam if severe
81
what to do if e coli 0157
- notifiable disease - risk of HUS - do NOT give antibiotics - px: bloody diarrhoea - dx: - faeces for culture - haematology: FBC, film to look for fragmented blood cells (schistocytes) if suspect HUS or confirmed 0157 - biochemistry: U+E, LDH, CRP
82
female uncoplicated lower UTI and male no catheter
nitrofurantoin or trimetehoprim for 3 days in F, 7 days in M
83
complicated UTI (pylonephritis etc)
IV amoxicillin + gentamicin - replace with trimoxazole if pen allergy
84
likely bugs in cellulitis
staph aureus, GAS or other beta haemolytic strep
85
bug for septic arthritis
staph aureus - so flucloxacillin

CLASP - Year 3 (3 decks)

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