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Series 2 Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Near vision may be identified on visual acuity by

A

A large V or N

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2
Q

2 ways to check near vision

A

Snellen Acuity and Jaeger Notation

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3
Q

The snellen acuity chart is meant to be viewed from ___ft. Why?

A

20ft. Because light rays from an object at 20ft are considered parallel, so no accomodation is needed.

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4
Q

BCVA

A

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

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5
Q

Higher K values (>44) are associated with __, lower K values (<42) are associated with___.

A
  1. Near sighted (myopic)
  2. far sighted (Hyperopic)
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6
Q

What is the average curvature of the cornea (in K reading)?

A

43 diopters

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7
Q

Asthenopia refers to a patient with:

A

Eye strain/eye fatigue. Typically the patient presents with non-specific complaints

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8
Q

Jaeger 1 is ____ in distance equivalence

A

20/25

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9
Q

Visual actuiy of a baby in the first month of life is ___

A

20/120

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10
Q

Convert any one of the following VA’s to it’s 20/xx equivalent:
1. 5/80
2. 10/50
3. 2/100
4. 5/120
5. 5/400

A

Get the answer by dividing the test distance into 20, then multiplying that sum with the acuity/second number.
1. 20/320
2. 20/100
3. 20/1000
4. 20/480
5. 20/1600

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11
Q

How should you test acuity of a patient with Nystagmus? Why?

A

Fog the non-testing eye (rather than occluding) with a +2.00D lens.
To blur vision rather than occluding, because nystagmus movements are more pronounced when one eye is covered, which produces an inaccurate result

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12
Q

What are the two artificially divided sections of the ciliary body?

A

Pars Plicata (anterior) and Pars Plana (posterior)

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13
Q

Inflammation of each of the following is called what?
1. Pars Plicata
2. Pars Plana
3. Iris

A
  1. Iridocyclitis
  2. Pars Planitis
  3. Iritis
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14
Q

Name the layers of the lens

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Epithelial
  3. Cortex
  4. Nucleus
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15
Q

Name the layers of the cornea

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Bowman’s Layer
  3. Stroma
  4. Descemets Membrane
    - 4.5. Pre Descemets Layer/Dua’s layer
  5. Endothelium
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16
Q

What type of cataract can be easily seen during retinoscopy?

A

Posterior Subcapsular Cataract - looks like a dark spot at the center reflex

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17
Q

Convert any 1 of the following from meters to feet:
1. 6/6
2. 6/18
3. 6/4.5
4. 6/60
5. 6/21
6. 6/9

A

Formula: divide both numbers by 3, then multiply sum by 10 on both.
1. 20/20
2. 20/60
3. 20/15
4. 20/200
5. 20/70
6. 20/30

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18
Q

A “Z87” or “Z87+” mark on a safety glasses frame means that:

A

They are rated for Basic impact (Z87) or High impact (Z87+). This means they meet ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standards for safety glasses

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19
Q

A _______ results from scraping an infected tissue to try to get a sample of the infecting agent.

A

A smear

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20
Q

The speed of ultrasound through vitreous is:

A

1532 m/s

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21
Q

a type of eye cancer that starts in your retina

A

Retinoblastoma (the most common form of eye cancer in children) can be in 1 or both eyes

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22
Q

The applanation tonometer head should be set to the _________ cylinder axis for astigmatism greater than ______.

A

minus, 3 diopters

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23
Q

Orthochromatic films are not sensitive to ____ light.

A

Red

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24
Q

Which is the maximum amount of corneal astigmatism that Intacs corneal implants can successfully treat?

A

Less than 1 diopter

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25
After chalazion surgery a ________ is usually applied to prevent bleeding.
Pressure patch
26
Which of the following does the lacrimal sac drain into?
Nasolacrimal Duct
27
The colors in an OCT scan of the retina represent the _______ of the layers of the retina.
reflective properties
28
Increasing contrast in an image may decrease:
Detail
29
A patient with an ocular history of a an occluded retinal vessel may have a positive family history of:
Hypertension
30
Which is the long term treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Laser Peripheral Iridotomy
31
Which term means "on the same side of each eye"?
Homonymous
32
A condition of chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins commonly caused by staph or seborrhea is:
Blepharitis
33
Measure anterior chamber depth is accomplished by viewing the distance or the slit lamp reflections between:
The cornea and the lens
34
Grade 4 angle means ___, while grade 1 angle means___
1. Grade 4 being wide open 2. Grade 1 being the narrowest opening
35
What procedure is best used to treat narrow angles?
Laser Peripheral Iridotomy
36
What are the two muscles of the iris
The Dilator and the Sphincter
37
What does PERRLA mean?
Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light, Accommodation
38
What is the name for pupils that are asymmetric?
Anisocoria
39
(T or F) Anisocoria is often caused by retinal pathology?
False
40
What does the term "ectopic" mean? (pupil examination)
Not centered
41
How does the lens receive nourishment?
Aqueous Humor
42
Melanin (pigment) is found in which of the following structures?
Iris, Choroid, and Ciliary Body
43
Which muscle controls the shape of the lens? What are the rope like fibers that connect the lens to this muscle?
Ciliary, Zonules.
44
Which factor affects recovery time and post-op astigmatism the most after cataract surgery?
The size of the incision
45
In which cataract procedure is the capsule left intact and removed with the lens?
intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE)
46
Which layer of the lens lies between the capsule and the cortex?
Epithelium
46
The term "Phaco" means:
Lens
47
What is the refractive power of the lens?
About 16 diopters
48
The optic nerve is ___ to the macula
Nasal
49
The position of the macula in relation to the ONH is anatomically slightly ____
lower
50
The specialized cells of the retina concerned with "night"or peripheral vision are the:
Rods
51
Which electrophysiology procedure tests the function of the RPE layer?
Electrooculogram (EOG)
52
A typical line scan (B-scan) from an OCT has about _____ individual A-scans.
1,000
53
For foveal threshold testing, the patient looks at:
the center of the diamond fixation pattern
54
The vertex distance is measured with a(n):
Distometer
55
Is retinitis pigmentosa hereditary?
Yes
56
57
When using the binocular balancing technique, the patient is fogged by adding ___ to the final distance correction of each eye
+0.75
58
Nerve fibers in the superior retina, do not cross the horizontal line called the:
59
With the applanation tonometer calibration accuracy is checked at which scale readings?
0 2 6
60
Downward markings on the gaze tracking graph line indicate what?
61
Calibration of the applanation tonometer can be checked with what?
A Calibration bar
62
When testing with the HFA automated perimeter, the patient can pause the test by:
Holding down the response button
63
A ___ filter is used to accentuate blood vessels on a black-and-white image
Green
64
How long does it take to become dark adapted?
30 minutes
65
The GDX measures:
C. nerve fiber layer thickness
66
Which type of diabetic retinopathy involves panretinal photocoagulation to halt neovascularization?
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
67
Name the three structures of the Uvea/Vascular tunic
the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.
68
Name the structure(s) of the fibrous tunic
Sclera and Cornea
69
Name the structure(s) of the Nervous tunic
Retina
70
What is the type of retinal detachment that occurs when a tear or break in the retina allows fluid to pass through and collect underneath it
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
71
What is the most common type of color deficiency?
Red and Green
72
Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects:
Cartilage in the joints
73
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
74
What is Iridodialysis?
A traumatic separation between the iris root and ciliary body
75
Tropicamide is a _______ drop that acts by _________muscle in the iris.
cycloplegic, paralyzing the sphincter
75
Phenylephrine is a _______ drop that acts by ___________ muscle of the iris.
mydriatic, stimulating the dilator
76
The first step in lensometry is to:
Adjust the eyepiece for your eye
77
In "with-the-rule" astigmatism, the minus cylinder axis is at or near ___. Against-the-rule astigmatism has the minus cylinder axis at or near ___ degrees. Oblique astigmatism has an axis at an oblique angle, such as ___ degrees.
1. 180 2. 90 3. 45
78

COA - self made (4 decks)

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