Serious Crime Flashcards

Question

What five steps should the first Police officers arriving at the scene take?

Answer 1

Identify Secure Preserve Consider Record

Answer 2

A log that records the details, time and purpose of all persons who enter, attempt to enter, or leave the crime scene, as well as any other activity around the crime scene which the scene guard perceives to be relevant to the case

Answer 3

no unauthorised entry Integrity of evidence or potential evidence is secured Intelligence opportunities are maximised Contamination issues are managed

Answer 4

Secure scene Record details Control movements Record movements Brief others Avoid disturbance Protect scene Remain on duty until relieved by the incoming scene guard Brief replacement Respect security Demonstrate courtesy Inform others

Answer 5

Obtain full details of all persons present at the scene Assemble people in a clear area Isolate witnesses Identify witnesses and conduct a brief scoping interview Establish whether any persons have left the area Record and/or photograph call logs on the witnesses’ phones Record registration numbers of nearby vehicles Seize any CCTV relevant to the vicinity/routes to establish who may have been in the area

Answer 6

Separate suspects from other persons Observe and record the condition of the suspect Ask them to remain at the scene and as soon as possible remove them by consent or with lawful justification If the suspect refuses to cooperate, consider whether grounds exist to arrest Prevent cross contamination by using officers who have not entered the scene to manage the suspect Caution the suspect when arresting, detaining, or questioning Search the suspect and suspect’s vehicle Search the vicinity of the suspect and the area or route they are thought to have taken Note the suspect’s appearance, behaviour and demeanour Record everything the suspect says Interview on video Brief the OC investigation on their arrival, highlighting any significant risks surrounding cross-contamination or movement within or near the scene

Answer 7

The victim The suspect The location

Answer 8

Scene Exhibits Officer

Answer 9

Ensure death is signed off Maintain security of the body from the scene to the PM Secure and guard the body Note and record observations Note details of medical staff Record what actions have been taken by anyone in respect of the body Arrange transportation of the body to the mortuary Complete sudden death procedures Arrange formal ID Obtain historical medical records Attend the PM Attend the debrief of the pathologist and record the findings Ensure all cultural responsibilities have been addressed

Answer 10

Attend the pathologist briefing Ensure the Police photographer photographs the body before and after clothing is removed, and during the PM Preserve evidence from the body Record, label and secure all samples and exhibits Arrange for fingerprints

Answer 11

Contact the coroner Arrange the PM, in consultation with the coroner Consult the pathologist before the PM commences considering X-ray/CT/CAT scans of the body

Answer 12

Suitably qualified medical practitioner Suitably qualified paramedic

Answer 13

Coroner’s advice Views of the pathologist, ESR forensic scientist, and Crown Solicitor attending the crime scene Consultation with other relevant experts Requirement for any other examination Best method and route for body removal Supervision of the body removal Safe custody of exhibits Family and/or cultural considerations The appreciation should record the SOP regarding protective clothing. The SOP is recorded once and adhered to from here (rather than recording every use or change of clothing)

Answer 14

Do NOT attempt to restore the scene to its original unchanged condition make enquiries to enable the original unchanged scene to be subsequently reconstructed and photographed, if required

Answer 15

Attending ESR staff The pathologist The OC Investigation Crime Scene Coordinator (or OC Scene) Fingerprint Officer

Answer 16

Larvae and insects Potential fingerprint evidence DNA swabs Extraneous items such as loose hairs, fibres, glass, paint or other fragments Firearm residue samples

Answer 17

Record the position of the body by sketch plan and Police photographer Consider marking and recording the position of the body e.g., measuring the distance from the body to the nearest fixed features Record all details of the position of the body including: - Position of the limbs - Appearance of the body - Wounds and clothing - Direction of any trails of blood on the body - Lividity - Extent of rigor mortis present Health risks Cover the hands, feet and head with PAPER bags Ensure clothing on the body is not contaminated Wrap the body in a plastic sheet and place it in a body bag Carefully search underneath where the body lay Retain, as exhibits, all sheets, bags or other materials used the transport the body Obtain approval from the OC Investigation Arrange a contracted undertaker to transport the body to the mortuary

Answer 18

Observe, document and deal with exhibits associated with the body, in a structured, methodical manner.

Answer 19

Actively manage all aspects of how the body, body samples and other exhibits associated with the body are treated and give directions to ensure required procedures are followed and that the pace of the examination does not exceed the ability of the OC Body to perform their role

Answer 20

To establish the cause of death

Answer 21

Pathologist Coroner Any other pathologist assisting (if authorised by the Coroner) A doctor who treated the deceased A doctor, nurse or funeral director representing the deceased (ABC) A doctor representing the interests of a suspect who has or may be charged in relation to the death (ABC) Any other doctor or trainee doctor (ABC) Police Any other person authorised by a Coroner ESR forensic scientist Crown Solicitor

Answer 22

OC Investigation OC Body OC Exhibits officer for the PM Police photographer SOCO or fingerprint officer, if required

Answer 23

Odontologist Biologist Medical illustrator Toxicologist Ballistics expert Crime scene examiner Entomologist Anthropologist Disaster Victim Identification

Answer 24

MEK examination kit Toxicology kit Body label Notebook and pens for use solely during the PM A Scene Exhibit Schedule Form Copy of completed POL47 Deceased Person Certificate Deceased Person Identification Exhibit packaging supplies PPE Photographs from the scene A range of available exhibit numbers Pre-printed exhibit labels Roll of brown paper Firearms residue kit

Answer 25

Ensure mortuary staff do not wash the body Ensure the body is labelled and secured in the secure mortuary fridge Retain any key used to secure the body, until it is required for the PM Ensure the body remains in its present condition until the commencement of the PM Arrange formal identification of the body

Answer 26

Fingerprints DNA profiling Dental records, available through the Region Forensic Dentistry Advisor Eye examination records Medical examination records Personal effects Facial reconstruction

Answer 27

Whether remains are actually bones Whether the bones are human The age, gender, height and race of the person

Answer 28

Records a description of the body, including: height, weight, build, eye colour and hair Records the body’s external appearance (front and back) including: injuries, bruises, scars, scratches, discoloration and imperfections Uses specialist kits for collecting evidence samples

Answer 29

The OC Body is responsible for recording, labelling, packaging, sealing and securing all physical exhibits relating to the body, including samples taken during the PM

Answer 30

Must be unsealed and dried in a controlled environment such as at a Police drying room, with due regard for the integrity of the exhibit. Once dry, they can be re-packaged and re-sealed.

Answer 31

The pathologist is unable to determine cause of death A suspect’s lawyer seeks approval from the Coroner to conduct an independent PM The Solicitor General orders a further PM, after an application to the High Court

Answer 32

Usually taken for toxicological and serological purposes

Answer 33

Taken for both toxicological analysis and to identify the nature of the last meal. Analysis of entire stomach contents may also assist with establishing a time of death

Answer 34

This is necessary for use as a control to distinguish between foreign hair found on the body and the victim’s hair. It can also be used to provide a DNA profile

Answer 35

For toxicological analysis.

Answer 36

Can indicate levels of drugs and alcohol present in the body, a few hours before death. Is useful when a body is badly decomposed.

Answer 37

Sometimes taken for toxicology examination

Answer 38

In cases where the body has been burnt, they can help identify any accelerants used. In drowning cases, the presence of diatoms or the lack of them, can be useful for determining whether or not death occurred while the face was submerged in water and identifying possible sources of water

Answer 39

They can be studied with the naked eye for injuries and natural disease and specimens are taken for microscopic examination.

Answer 40

Nasal washings should be considered in cases where the victim has been killed or located outside. These should be secured for later pollen analysis.

Answer 41

Involves the day-to-day management of the partnership between the family of the deceased and the Police investigation. The primary function of an FLO is that of an investigator and not a support person. However, in performing this role, the FLO must offer, facilitate and co-ordinate support that addresses the needs of the family

Answer 42

Includes partners, parents, siblings, children, guardians, whanau and any others who have had a direct and close relationship with the victim Includes ‘chosen’ family Should reflect the victim’s culture and lifestyle

Answer 43

Liaise closely with the OC Investigation regarding what information is to be shared and/or held back Familiarise themselves with the enquiry Familiarise themselves with all information established concerning the family Establish what contact the family has had with Police since the incident/death Establish what information has been given to the family Establish what information concerning the incident is already in the public domain

Answer 44

The victim impact statement must be available for sentencing and should be no older than 28 days at the time of sentencing.

Answer 45

Programmes, remedies, or services available through Police to the family as victims in their own right (section 11) Progress of the investigation (a legal requirement under section 12) The family’s role as witnesses in the prosecution of the offence When an offender is arrested, the FLO must: Inform the family of their rights to register on the VNR Ascertain the family’s views on bail Inform the victim’s family of: - Charges laid - The date and place of each Court appearance - Release on bail of the accused - Any application made by the accused - Details of bail conditions

Answer 46

People Passive data

Answer 47

Friends Colleagues Partners Associates Online or social media contacts Hobbies and habits Travel movements People along the routes they were known to take Customers or suppliers Religious leaders or associates Cultural associations Other people that they come into contact with

Answer 48

NIA CID Medical history Mental health records HSMU Landline telephone details and associated enquiries Mobile telephone records Internet usage Vehicle details Banking and other financial material Diaries, letters and personal documents Photographs and video footage belonging to family, friends and the victim Passport and immigration

Answer 49

Timely, flexible and tactical

Answer 50

A snapshot of the community at the time and place at which the offence occurred. It serves to identify evidence and information that may assist the investigation.

Answer 51

Identifying the offender Identifying and locating evidence, such as vehicles, discarded clothing, weapons and other articles Identifying witnesses Gathering information

Answer 52

Sightings of the victim or offender before or after the event Sightings of relevant property or vehicles Sightings of potential witnesses Creating the opportunity for an early arrest through early identification of the offender Obtaining key information to drive the investigation or develop lines of enquiry Promoting awareness of significant occurrences Eliminating unidentified vehicles or persons reported by other witnesses Obtaining an accurate record of the local community

Answer 53

Summarise the situation and detail the duties and areas of responsibility of each canvass team member Emphasise the need for thoroughness and that every person in every household and visitors must be seen personally Stress that the questionnaire is only a guide Advise that evidence of possible probative value must be obtained in a formal written statement rather than notebook form Consider visiting the canvass area to record every address including flats and vacant sections and then reconcile these premises with the map Ensure all forms are completed and actioned as outlined Reconcile completed locations with the master copy to avoid duplication Advise staff on: - What action to take if they believe they have identified the suspect - What action to take if they locate items of evidential value - What action to take if individuals refuse to assist - How to complete the correspondence flow - What information can be disclosed during the area canvass - What information must not be disclosed

Answer 54

Evaluate the quality of completed work and provide quality assurance Identify lines of enquiry to be highlighted to the 2IC Monitor ongoing progress of the canvass Facilitate the detailed recording of progress

Answer 55

Which addresses have been visited Which occupants have been interviewed The documentation completed Any relevant comments made

Answer 56

Use of experts Use of an aide memoir and script Leaflets Other options (when limiting the extent of the area canvass) – media, poster campaign, mail drop, high profile police presence, using a caravan

Answer 57

Part A records the: - Street name - House number - Flat number - Personal details of all residents - Personal details of all other people who were visiting the address at the time of the offence - Vehicles used by all residents and visitors to the address One copy of the form is needed for: - Each dwelling - Each flat or apartment in the case of multiple dwellings on a single property - A vacant dwelling or empty section

Answer 58

This is used for each person who is interviewed during the canvass. Part B records the: - Personal details - Home details - Work details - Answers to specific questions Any evidential information provided by the witness must also be recorded by way of Formal Written Statement

Answer 59

Obtain suitable street and other maps of the area. Visit and inspect the canvass area to record every address including flats and vacant sections. Confer with the OC Investigation to establish parameters. Reconcile the list of premises with the map. Develop an area canvass strategy including: - Area canvass objectives - Location parameters - Time parameters - Risk assessment - Identifying suspects/persons of interest - Resources - Use of questionnaires

Answer 60

Fully brief all staff Ensure all forms are completed and actioned Shade in the map as each household is completed Maintain a detailed ongoing record of area canvass results showing addresses visited, occupants spoken to, documentation completed and relevant comments Visit team members regularly during the area canvass to monitor welfare, maintain control, morale, enthusiasm and efficiency Attend investigation squad conferences and supply situation reports

Answer 61

On completion of area canvass, the OC Area Canvass must: - Conduct a debrief of canvass staff - Ensure all questionnaires are reconciled with the master list - Ensure all staff notebooks are accounted for - Submit a report to the OC Investigation detailing the results of the area canvass

Answer 62

Viewing CCTV Media releases and appeals Area canvass Interviews with victims and other witnesses Suspect interviews Anniversary appeals Road check points

Answer 63

Place where the victim was last seen alive Place where initial contact with suspect took place Place where victim was assaulted Murder site Body deposition site

Answer 64

Obtain informed consent to hand the device to police so the recording can be safely downloaded Organise for a suitably qualified technician to visit the witness to download the material when the recording device isn’t readily available Consider invoking a warrantless search to seize the recording as evidence

Answer 65

Early identification or arrest of a suspect Recovery of evidence or information relevant to the offence Prevention of the imminent disposal or destruction of evidence connected to the investigation Prevention of the commission of other offences

Answer 66

Giving evidence from behind a screen Giving evidence from an appropriate place outside the courtroom Giving evidence in chief by way of a video recording

Answer 67

An accredited level 3 specialist adult witness interviewer An accredited level 2 advanced interviewer where no level 3 interviewer is available

Answer 68

An accredited level 2 advanced interviewer

Answer 69

A forensic child interviewer

Answer 70

The time and location of the interview The amount of information to be disclosed to the interviewer Setting interview objectives Supporting the interview, for example, employing an interview monitor The structure of the interview, i.e., whether the interview will be recorded on video, audio, or written

Answer 71

Debriefing the interviewers Identifying any need for supplementary interviews The assessment of any risk to the witness and identification of any associated steps required to ensure their ongoing support and safety

Answer 72

A discretionary grant of up to $1500 for families of homicide victims Free counselling for families of murder and manslaughter victims. Initially six hours are approved with the option to increase to 15 hours and up to a maximum of 30 hours

Answer 73

Maintaining contact: ensuring the victim’s NOK are regularly updated of the progress by both the enquiry and Court proceedings

Answer 74

Ensuring court attendance Court proceedings Witness intimidation Witness order Witness media interest letters Interpreter issues Welfare issues Witness control Refreshing memory Arrange name suppression Expenses (in conjunction with the OC Investigation)

Answer 75

Victim views: appropriate file documents are completed: - Record of victim contact - Victim impact statement - Court Services Victim Referral - Bail Opposition - Victim request to be notified of bail etc. Special measures

Answer 76

A OC Exhibits (so that subsequent witnesses can refer to exhibits/photographs etc.)

Answer 77

Witnesses who decline to be interviewed Reluctant/uncooperative witnesses Witnesses requiring protection Alibi witnesses Children and young persons Undercover Police officers and Covert Human Intelligence Sources Police witnesses

Answer 78

Make enquiries to determine the veracity of the alibi Conduct inquiries including NIA checks on the alibi witness Forward the results of these enquiries to the Crown Solicitor, including any statements obtained

Answer 79

Means a person under the age of 18 years.

Answer 80

Obtaining information about suspects/POIs Thoroughly profiling and investigating all suspects/POIs to enable the OC Investigation to establish their involvement in the offence or eliminate them from the inquiry Seeking evidence to cover all elements of the offence Mitigating and dealing with possible defences that may be raised Providing a basis for further investigation

Answer 81

Identification and profiling Arrest/termination Interviewing

Answer 82

Briefing the suspects team Determine investigation priorities Provide briefings/debriefings Identifying suspects Prepare descriptions FACES (computerised facial identification system) Media publicity and property duplicates Photograph board Suspect’s residence Trace, Interview and Eliminate enquiries (TIE) Intelligence categories (intel on the suspect) Sources of information (similar to above) Identification procedures

Answer 83

Circumstances of the offence Details of all suspects/POIs, Descriptions of the suspect Modus operandi identified

Answer 84

Automated systems that gather and collate information for various purposes.

Answer 85

CCTV and other images Telco information Customer information including subscriber information Access/door security systems Vehicle GPS Internet websites

Answer 86

Selection of an appropriately trained interviewer What mode of recording the interview (usually video) Determine the status of the person as a witness, POI or suspect Whether the person requires special consideration Consult with other interviewing experts Ensure the interviewer is fully briefed including the elements that need to be established Ensure the interview has prepared a detailed interview plan

Answer 87

Blood Saliva Head hair Pubic and body hair, if relevant Fingernail scrapings Swaps of the suspect’s hands or other relevant areas

Answer 88

Section 88 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 – evidential material that is reasonably believed to be on the outside of the suspect’s body

Answer 89

Front face and profile Full body length, from the front and the side Any injuries Any distinctive, visible identifying features, such as tattoos or scars Samples of the suspect’s handwriting Record a physical description of the suspect Record details for the offender report

Answer 90

The Crown Solicitor.

Answer 91

All relevant material is discoverable There is no obligation to acquire material not already in police possession On-going process Auditable, accountable, and recordable Effective file management system

Answer 92

Ensure all relevant and discoverable material is provided to defence counsel Ensure all relevant and non-discoverable material is identified, listed and defence advised Continually assess the risk to ensure that non-discoverable material is identified and not disclosed Continually review to ensure that ongoing lawful justification to withhold exists for each document that is withheld Ensure that robust auditable systems are employed to record disclosure decisions and actions Manage disclosure timeframes within the provisions of the Act Retain and file all correspondence with defence counsel in the 50000 series document category Create a record in NIA of the fact of disclosure against the charge

Answer 93

Those documents where no justification for withholding them exists, in accordance with sections 16, 17 or 18 of the Act.

Answer 94

Formal Statements Visually Recorded Interview (VRI) transcripts Convictions of prosecution witnesses relevant to credibility Summaries of facts Notebook entries Job Sheets Specialist reports Expert evidence

Answer 95

Those documents that may be withheld pursuant to sections 16, 17 or 18 of the Act.

Answer 96

Search warrant applications CHIS Information Reports Analytical material Operation Orders / briefing material Conference notes Notes in relation to covert investigative techniques Surveillance device warrant (interception) applications

Answer 97

Detective Senior Sergeant.

Answer 98

It facilitates effective auditing of disclosed material It provides a reference for material All parties can refer to material by a unique page reference Any illegitimate claims made by defence that particular material was not disclosed can be replicated It enables accurate records to be maintained

Answer 99

Any item which comes into the possession of Police during the course of an investigation, whether or not it is eventually tendered in formal evidence.

Answer 100

Establishing and maintaining exhibit management systems and for maintaining the physical security and continuity of all exhibits.

Answer 101

Relevant information relating to: - What exhibits have been found, and their movements - The results of any exhibit examinations - Whether any further enquiries are required

Answer 102

Exhibits are fully examined, Maintains an awareness of the significance of each exhibit Determine, plan and record the examination and interrogation of every exhibit and establish its relevance to the investigation

Answer 103

Forensic Strategy meetings are held to determine which exhibit or other forensic examinations are required and the priority of those examinations.

Answer 104

OC Investigation 2IC OC Exhibits Crime Scene Coordinator/OC Scene Anyone else deemed necessary by the OC Investigation e.g. pathologist, ESR etc.

Answer 105

What examinations ESR to conduct The priority each examination should receive Further work is needed to assist a reconstruction A plan to assist the reconstruction An agreed reconstruction of the events

Answer 106

Ensure exhibit examination decisions are confirmed through the Forensic Strategy meeting process Record in the IMT or PROP application all decisions taken about the types of examinations to be conducted and the priority allocated to each examination Ensure the OC Investigation has authorised the proposed examination Prepare the necessary papers for ESR or other expert Ensure any exhibits identified are prepared before being delivered Deliver exhibits for scientific examination promptly to avoid deterioration and loss of evidence Inform the expert undertaking a scientific examination if it is no longer required

Answer 107

When they received custody of the exhibit and from whom Where and how the exhibit was securely stored When, why and how the exhibit was moved from one place to another How the exhibit has been treated, safeguarded and preserved When and why they transferred custody of an exhibit to another person, and to whom This is called maintaining the ‘chain of evidence’

Answer 108

Evidence e.g., hair, fibres, paint, and blood that is readily transferred from one item to another.

Answer 109

When trace evidence could have been transferred to the exhibit via a third party during the course of the investigation.

Answer 110

Be consistent Allow delegation of exhibit numbers to staff who will utilise them Cope with multiple scenes Be compatible with technology, allowing searching to be conducted using exhibit numbers Encompass all exhibits, e.g. Medical Examination Kits (MEKs), documents, reference blood samples and photographs sent to ESR

Answer 111

Area Canvass

Serious Crime Flashcards

(140 cards)