Serious crime investigation Flashcards

Question

What is the technique of “Scene” in VAWSEEPO?

Answer 1

Preserve the scene (e.g. set boundaries

Answer 2

Note evidence and preserve any that would otherwise be lost or destroyed

Answer 3

Consider whether the ingredients of the alleged offence have been established

Answer 4

Identify what powers are available and consider whether to execute them

Answer 5

Identify and apprehend suspect(s)

Answer 6

Freeze, Control, Guard and Preserve.

Answer 7

- PROVEN method of problem solving - FOLLOWS a series of steps to decide on the best course of action - CONSIDERS all appropriate factors and weighs the benefits and risks of alternative solutions - ALLOWS for sound decisions - Is an ONGOING process which involves continually thinking through each new piece of information.

Answer 8

- Ensures everyone knows what the expectations are - Establishes a sequence of activities - Maximises suceess and ensures nothing is overlooked - Reduces uncertainty and risk - Eliminates duplication - Good use of resources

Answer 9

In protracted situations yes, it can be. However, in urgent situations where initial action is required a shortened form, often performed mentally is sufficient.

Answer 10

Aim Factors Courses open Plan

Answer 11

A short, one line, statement which demonstrates a single objective / goal

Answer 12

- The aim must be clear, accurate and concise. -It must be chosen carefully - the wrong aim will produce the wrong result - The aim of the appreciation process should be on the mind at all times, particularly when making decisions

Answer 13

A factor is any circumstances or fact that could possibly have an effect on the outcome/aim

Answer 14

- Further risk to life - The location of possible suspects - Resources available - Evidence requiring preservation - The environment and weather conditions - History of the relevant parties

Answer 15

- Ask the question “So what” “What does this mean” to examine factors and draw logical conclusions from it. E.g. “I only have 5 staff available, so what does this mean?” - This will lead to a logical conclusion or conclusions e.g. therefore I must priorities the tasks to be completed. The keyword is “therefore” because it prompt the logical conclusion. - Any deductions made must in turn be examined themselves to see whether they will yield further deductions.

Answer 16

All options available to achieve the aim / desired outcome, bearing in mind the factors and the deductions made from those factors.

Answer 17

Each course must be examined for its advantages, disadvantages and risks. The following questions must be asked: - What are the possible results or consequences of each alternative - Which alternative is the most appropriate way to reach the objective From these considerations, decide on the most appropriate course to achieve your aim.

Answer 18

A plan is a proposed course of action.

Answer 19

A plan must be - The logical outcome of the appreciation - Clear, concise and leaves no room for misinterpretation - Designed to avoid introducing matters not previously considered by the appreciation - Consistently considerate of safety issues - Recorded - Delivered to staff using the SMEAC format

Answer 20

From the moment they are tasked with responding to a serious crime incident.

Answer 21

The opportunity to make some initial decisions and considerations as to how to approach the task at hand.

Answer 22

Assigning areas of responsibility and ensuring communication with the Emergency Communications Centre

Answer 23

Polices purpose is to conduct a thorough investigation and gather sufficient evidence to explain the circumstances of death.

Answer 24

- The identity and location of the suspect - A first hand account of what the complainant / informant knows - Precise details of the location of the scene - Circumstances leading to the discovery - Identity of the victim - Details of anyone else at the scene - Full contact details of the complainant / informant - Demeanour of the complainant / informant - Relationship of the complainant / informant, to the victim or suspect - Details of action the complainant / informant has taken and where they have been - Details of any hazards or safety issues that may affect Police approaching the scene/victim

Answer 25

- To return to the proximity of the scene, and guard it, if it is considered safe for them to do so - Not to enter the obvious boundaries of the scene - Not to move or touch anything - To prevent others from entering or touching the scene - To await police arrival and identify themselves to the first police at the scene

Answer 26

Take great care in recording what the complainant / informant says, their demeanour and clothing etc. These could become critical - particularly if they are later identified as a suspect

Answer 27

That Police responders ensure their own safety, the safety of other responders and that of others present at the scene.

Answer 28

A reconnaissance should be conducted to establish who is present at the scene. This may include other injured people or a hidden offender.

Answer 29

It will always be to ensure the safety of the attending Police members

Answer 30

To establish the physical condition of the victim.

Answer 31

- Alive but uninjured - Alive but injured - Shows no signs of life

Answer 32

No additional issues or complications arise - proceed to preserving the scene.

Answer 33

Call an ambulance and consider resuscitation if appropriate.

Answer 34

Note the original body position and record any previous movements.

Answer 35

Obtain details of the ambulance crew and their destination must be recorded. If practicable, a detective should accompany the victim to hospital. Otherwise, they should attend hospital without delay.

Answer 36

- Obtain a medical opinion on victim status - Seize the victims clothing / possessions Identify victim - Obtain a pre-transfusion blood sample - Obtain firearm residue samples (when firearm use is suspected) - Note and photograph any injuries - Obtain DNA swabs - Obtain details of visitors - Conduct a scoping interview - Conduct a preliminary interview with ambulance and emergency staff

Answer 37

Using appropriate open questioning (TEDS) to establish what happened and who was involved. (But only if this does not adversely affect the medical welfare of the victim.

Answer 38

Recording an immediate statement

Answer 39

It may be admissible as hearsay evidence

Answer 40

The court must be satisfied that both the intent of the statement and the person who made it are reliable.

Answer 41

Record any factors which demonstrate the reliability of the statement or its maker.

Answer 42

- The nature of the statement - The contents of the statement - The circumstances relating to the making of the statement - The veracity of the person - The accuracy of the observation of the person

Answer 43

Using appropriate open questioning (TEDS) to establish what happened and who was involved.

Answer 44

NEVER assume a person is dead First aid should be commenced and an ambulance requested They should not be moved unless for the purposes of first aid Original position must be recorded

Answer 45

- Render first aid, call an ambulance - Remain with the body until relieved - Arrange a doctor for life extinct (unless obvious) - Treat the victim as a scene (do not move them more than necessary) - Instruct medical staff to leave clothes on the body - All medical items used to be left in situ - Conduct scoping interviews with medical staff to establish their actions, apparent cause of death and injury types - Ascertain if the victim spoke to anyone before death and record what was said. - Record body position, lividity, obvious injuries and clothing - Objectively record everything observed using all senses, including sight, sound and smell. Include what is considered unimportant or non-evidential as after further investigation, such information may become relevant. - Record all exhibits - Sketch a plan, including the position of the body and position of exhibits - Provide full information to the OC investigation at an early stage

Answer 46

Prompt, decisive action.

Answer 47

Some exhibits may be fragile and easily destroyed or contaminated therefore weather conditions, temperature, public activity, animals or time may influence your decisions about what initial action are required and their priorities

Answer 48

- Identify - Secure - Preserve - Consider - Record

Answer 49

- Gather information and carry out an initial assessment - Consider warrantless powers for evidential material - Establish the crime scene ensuring to set wide parameters beyond where the body is found - Consider approach paths and establish a common approach path - Consider other ‘related’ crime scenes - Note and record observations of the scene, what is happening and who is there. - Establish a scene headquarters, and safe arrival / assembly points - Provide a SITREP/SFP to comms and obtain acknowledgement

Answer 50

To capture any exhibits, weapons, or items that the suspect may have discarded.

Answer 51

- Exercise powers to secure the scene pursuant to section 116 of the S&S Act (if necessary) - Remove all persons within the scene (avoid disturbance to scene) - Establish cordon using Police emergency tape - Arrange and brief scene guards with clearly defined duties. - Arrange crime scene logs - Prevent unauthorised persons from entering or leaving the scene - Prevent any further loss or damage to evidence caused by adverse weather or other factors (such as animals)

Answer 52

Police employees or civilian security guards, as per local policy. If necessary, reliable members of the public may initially act as guards until further police arrive

Answer 53

- Consider the best path into the scene - Record any movements/actions taken in the scene - Preserve what is there and leave it ‘in situ’. Ensure nothing is touched or moved. The scene must be kept in its original state - If no immediate life is at risk, consider using stepping plates - Be prepared to take immediate action to preserve and/or record evidence that may change if nothing is done (e.g. rain may damage a footprint or bloodstain)

Answer 54

Consider: If initial photographs of the scene and persons present are necessary

Answer 55

- The integrity of the scene by establishing and maintaining a crime scene log of movements, names, times and reasons for entry and exit to the scene. A template crime scene log is included in the serious crime template - Observe and record full notes of precise details of the scene, particularly the location of the victim - Complete a sketch of the scene - Photograph the scene and consider using video recording - Identify anything which is moved, noting the original and eventual positions - Make an accurate record of these facts and report them to the OC investigation at an early stage

Answer 56

It records the details, time and purpose of all persons who enter, attempt to enter, or leave the crib scene, as well as any other activity around the crime scene which the scene guard perceives to be relevant to the case.

Answer 57

No person must be allowed to enter without specific prior authority from the OC investigation.

Answer 58

- There is no unauthorised entry into the scene - Integrity of evidence or potential evidence is secured - Intelligence opportunities are maximised - Contamination issues are managed.

Answer 59

To avoid confusion, only one crime scene log must be kept at each point of access to the scene.

Answer 60

It must identify the keeper of the record as well as the name and time when all persons entered or left the scene and their reasons for entry.

Answer 61

A benefit is that when utilised, pedestrian traffic in and out of a scene is dramatically reduced. This helps to protect the integrity of the scene.

Answer 62

- Protect and Secure scene - Record details - Control and record movements - Brief/inform others / Replacement - Avoid disturbance - Respect security and Demonstrate courtesy

Answer 63

Deny any person access to the scene, unless they are expressly authorised to enter by the Officer In Charge of the investigation or the Crime Scene Co-ordinator Scene.

Answer 64

Maintain a crime scene log and note for every person authorised to enter the scene: - Name and designation - Authority to enter the scene - Purpose of the visit - Time of entry and time of exit

Answer 65

Ensure everyone entering the scene is directed to the Common Approach Path to be followed and is supervised during the visit.

Answer 66

Record all movement and vehicle details to, from and near the scene, in the crime scene log.

Answer 67

Promptly communicate any relevant information received to the OC Scene or Crime Scene Co-ordinator

Answer 68

Do not personally enter, contaminate or interfere with the scene. E.g. using toilet facilities, making coffee etc

Answer 69

Be vigilant for activity such as the presence of any animals which may feed on body tissue etc. Remain on duty until relieved by the oncoming scene guard

Answer 70

Brief the oncoming Scene Guard on all relevant matters and hand on the crime scene log

Answer 71

Do not discuss events or the crime with witnesses, by standers, or members of the media.

Answer 72

Use tact and courtesy when dealing with civilian witnesses and crowds

Answer 73

Report any actions taken to the OC scene or crime scene co-ordinator as appropriate

Answer 74

Witnesses should be treated professionally, isolated from one another and instructed not to discuss the incident.

Answer 75

Obtaining a brief account of what the person witnessed, bearing in mind they may be interviewed subsequently on a more substantial basis

Answer 76

- What happened - Where exactly the incident happened - When it happened - Who was involved - What the witness did - Where the witness went - What the witness touched - Who touched the witness - Who else was present - Descriptions of those preset - What did those other people present say / do

Answer 77

They should be taken to a Police Station to be formally interviewed or an appointment should be made for the near future and a note made of their condition and any special interview requirements.

Answer 78

A plan must be prepared to preserve and recover all available physical evidence from the witness, such as fibres, body fluids, glass or other material.

Answer 79

- Immediate DNA swabs of any areas of the witness that the suspect may have touched - Immediate DNA swabs of any blood present on the witness - Immediate swabs of any other relevant stains present on the witness - Forensic medical examination (e.g. fingernail scrapings, hair combing etc) - Seizure of clothing and footwear - Seizure of any items of property touched by the suspect

Answer 80

- Avoid any potential cross contamination issues by arranging for witnesses who have been present at a crime scene, to use different vehicles and interview rooms to those used by other witnesses, the victim or suspect(s) - Photographing witnesses at the scene enables future identification of witnesses; for example to assist CCTV enquiries or for OC witnesses use at court hearings - Photograph any injuries suffered by witnesses.

Answer 81

- Obtain full details of all persons present at the scene - Assemble people in a clear area, ensuring a police officer remains with them - If possible, isolate witnesses from one another to reduce the likelihood of contamination and/or collusion. Explain this rationale to the witnesses - Identify witnesses and conduct a brief scoping interview, using open TEDS questioning. Include descriptions of other persons mentioned - Establish whether any persons have left the area. - If the witness has made telephone calls from the scene, establish the numbers such calls from the scene, establish the numbers such calls were made from and to, and who answered. This may verify accounts and times. - Record registration numbers of nearby vehicles to establish which drivers/ passengers may have been in the area. - Seize any CCTV relevant to the vicinity/routes to establish who may have been in the area at the relevant time.

Answer 82

That a person who reports or is present at any event, may be a significant witness or the suspect.

Answer 83

The identification, apprehension and isolation of the suspect.

Answer 84

- Separate suspects from any other person - Consider the condition of the suspect, (drugs/alcohol/mental or physical impairment) - Ask them to remain at the scene and to co-operate with Police. - As soon as possible, remove the suspect from the scene by consent or with lawful justification - If the suspect refuses to co-operate, consider whether grounds exist to arrest them. - To prevent cross-contamination issues, consider using officers who have not entered the scene to manage the suspect, if available. - Give the appropriate caution to the suspect. - Consider searching the suspect and the suspects vehicle and belongings to prevent the disposal of evidence and for the searchers safety, pursuant to S&S. - Consider searching the vicinity of the suspect and the area or route they are thought to have taken, in order to recover discarded or secreted evidence - Note the suspects appearance and behaviour. E.G do they appear edgy, shocked or agitated? Are their clothes ripped and/or stained? - Record everything the suspect says and if appropriate, consider conducting a preliminary interview - Whenever possible, interviewing of suspects should be recorded on video - Brief the OC investigation on their arrival, highlighting any significant risks surrounding cross-contamination or movement within or near the scene

Answer 85

Keep them away from the immediate crime scene cordon and make no comment about the incident. Consult with the OC investigation on arrival and explain what has happened, identify media members and where they are located.

Answer 86

- What has occurred? - What actions has been taken? - What has not been done? - What needs to be done?

Answer 87

-Record all information relating to their attendance, including their observations, their actions and any alterations made to the scene. - Before finishing their duty shift, they must also submit a report to their immediate supervisor, who will forward the reports to the OC File. - If they entered the scene, a photograph, photocopy or print of their footwear must be provided and submitted with the other documentation.

Answer 88

A vital conduit between the family and the Police Investigation throughout the investigation phase, prosecution and beyond.

Answer 89

The day-to-day management of the partnership between the family of the deceased and the police investigation.

Answer 90

An investigator and not of a support person. However, in performing this role, the FLO must also offer, facilitate and co-ordinate support that addresses the needs of the family.

Answer 91

The OC investigation. However this can differ and must be determined.

Answer 92

The OC investigation or their delegated deputy, to ensure families are treated professionally, with respect and according to the family needs.

Answer 93

A family liaison plan should be developed whilst considering the needs of the family, lines of enquiry and all available intelligence.

Answer 94

- Selection of the FLO and criteria employed for the selection - Exit plan for the FLO - Objectives of the family liaison - Assessing the most appropriate methods of conducting interviews with family members, including the use of specialist interviewers, where appropriate - Information to be released to and withheld from the family - Requests made by the family which have not been agreed to and the reasons for this - Complaints made by the family and the OC investigations action to progress and resolve the issues raised - Any member of the family who could be considered a suspect, to enable the OC investigation to determine whether or not this is the case - Liaison with Victim Support and other support services

Answer 95

That the FLO is continually exposed to the emotions and needs of the bereaved and working with a family can be demanding and stressful. The OC is responsible for regularly monitoring and supporting the health and welfare of the FLO and should be particularly aware of the dangers of working under high stress.

Answer 96

An exit plan. This should be communicated to the family at the commencement of the deployment. It will be determined and executed at the discretion of the OC investigation.

Answer 97

They must ensure that victim support services are ongoing, where this has been taken up by the family.

Answer 98

Family - Includes partners, parents, siblings, children, guardians, whanau and any others who have had a direct and close relationship with the victim - Includes ‘chosen’ family - Should reflect the victims culture and lifestyle

Answer 99

- The suitability of the officer for retention in the role - Whether additional FLOs should be appointed - The needs and wishes of the family

Answer 100

- The FLOs welfare and safety - Increased monitoring of the FLO’s work and interaction with the family - The level of information disclosure to the FLO/the family - The way any intelligence gained from FLO contact with the family is managed - The need for clear interactions with the family - The importance of fully documenting all contact and interactions with the family - The possibility of deploying a more experience FLO if appropriate - The deployment of a deputy FLO for corroboration issues in addition to supporting the principal FLO - Not using the FLO in any search or arrest of a family member - Investigative or evidential impact of deployment - Whether or not the FLO will reside with the family. This may be an option in cases of kidnap for ransom where Police negotiators are in contact with the suspect. Such a deployment must only be undertaken after a meticulous consideration of the safety of the FLO.

Answer 101

Where appropriate, the OC investigation should consider deploying an FLO to the family of the suspect.

Answer 102

They may be an important source of material that could assist the investigation, and may themselves by victims who deserve the assigned of Police to access support services.

Answer 103

Careful consideration must be made of such a deployment and the decision and reasons for it should be recorded by the OC Investigation, regardless of whether or not the offer of an FLO is accepted.

Answer 104

They should identify the cultural origins of the victims family and ensure they are familiar with relevant cultural beliefs and protocols, to enhance relations with the family and to contribute to the victim profile.

Answer 105

An iwi liaison officer should be involved from the earliest stage possible.

Answer 106

It will enhance relations with the family throughout the investigation by providing an understanding and awareness of the Maori culture, protocol and beliefs.

Answer 107

Participating in ceremonies, such as formal welcomes.

Answer 108

The traditions, beliefs and values of Maori should be respected wherever possible, within the confines of the integrity of the investigation.

Answer 109

Developing an awareness of the needs of the Maori culture and accommodating these wherever practical, the FLO will contribute to building a positive relationship between the investigation team, the family and the Maori community.

Answer 110

The FLO will coordinate the family’s access to victim support and other agencies. In all cases, the needs of the family must be recognised and considered in line with the necessity to support investigative functions.

Answer 111

Only victim Support staff who have undergone training specific to supporting the family members of homicide victims will be selected for this role.

Answer 112

The trained volunteer nominated by the Victim Support Co-ordinator should met and be briefed about the case by the OC investigation and the FLO.

Answer 113

The FLO is primarily an investigative role and any urgent information they discover must be conveyed quickly to the OC investigation, such as whether any family members are vulnerable or significant witnesses, or whether any family member should be considered a suspect

Answer 114

LIAISE with the OC Investigation regarding what information is to be shared with the family FAMILIARISE themselves with the enquiry, the family (everything there is to know including family composition, cultural needs dynamics etc), With available intelligence which would impact them. ESTABLISH what information has already been supplied to the family, what contact they have already had with Police and what information is available in the media

Answer 115

They will be responsible for profiling the victim, preparing the family tree and gathering all relevant information from the family - this may also include taking statements to identify the victim

Answer 116

- Special consideration is required - The availability of the witness - Any particular needs for assistance - The best approach when approaching and interviewing the witness.

Answer 117

The FLO must keep a dedicated notebook to record all contact with the family, intermediaries and other parties connected to the family. This notebook should be reviewed at regular intervals It should also be recorded in a job sheet if appropriate.

Answer 118

It allows the liaison to be managed effectively.

Answer 119

Honest, open, professionally, with respect and consideration as it MUST be remembered that the families are victims of the crime as well.

Answer 120

- Provide immediate appropriate information to the family concerning the death of the victim and explain what happens next in respect of the body - Provide the NOK with the coronial booklet - Establish any immediate evidence, information or rumours, which they may be aware of - Act quickly and effectively informing the OC Investigation should a family or individual express concerns for their personal safety or have been subject to threats or intimidation and require Police protection or assistance - Give or facilitate initial practical support for members of the family - AS far as possible, protect the family from unwarranted media intrusion - Arrange temporary housing when the family home has been designated as a crime scene or a protracted search of the victims home is anticipated. - Use their knowledge of the criminal justice system and coroners processes to advise family members, as appropriate - Where appropriate (on direction of the OC) arrange for the crown solicitor to meet the family to explain decisions taken

Answer 121

They should be given the opportunity to make a written statement about the impact the crime has had on them, through a victim impact statement.

Answer 122

For sentencing and should be no older than 28 days at the time of sentencing.

Answer 123

Homicide trained victim support volunteers are trained to assist Police by taking Victim Impact Statements from surviving family members.

Answer 124

Through victim support, the Government provides financial assistance on behalf of the Crown Solicitor for victims of serious crime towards the costs of ddealing with the incident and attending court and other criminal justice processes.

Answer 125

- A discretionary grant of up to $1500 for families of homicide victims - Free counselling for families of murder and manslaughter victims. Initially six hours are approved with the option to increase to 15 hours. Counselling up to a maximum of 30 hours may be approved if required.

Answer 126

ACC can help towards the costs of their burial, cremation and related ceremonies. Families of victims are able to claim a top-up to the existing ACC funeral grant where death is confirmed as a result of murder or manslaughter and the maximum ACC grant has already been claimed. A maximum permitted amount, including the maximum ACC funeral grant, may be claimed by families of homicide victims, or the actual cost of the funeral, whichever is the lesser amount.

Answer 127

- Programmes, remedies or services available through Police to the family as victims in their own right - Progress of the investigation - The family role as witnesses in the prosecution of the offence

Answer 128

- Inform the family of their rights to register on the victim notification register and provide them with the form to do so - Make all reasonable efforts to ascertain any views the family have on the accused being released on bail, and ensure these views are communicated to the court in a Grounds for Opposing Bail form or a covering report to prosecutions

Answer 129

- Charges laid or reasons why charges are not laid, and any changes to the charges laid - The date and place of each Court appearance of the accused or other Court hearing relating to the case Release on bail of the accused - Any application made by the accused, for suppression of name or other identifying particulars. The victims families views about the application must be ascertained and provided to the court - Details of bail conditions the accused is subject to. (unless it would contravene an order under the bail act).

Answer 130

Information that identifies or which may lead to the identification of the victims home address may only be given in evidence or information provided to a court with leave of a judicial officer

Answer 131

A residential, postal or email address or telephone number.

Answer 132

The family must nominate someone to identify the body. Authority is to be obtained from the OC investigation Extent of viewing may need to be restricted (pending forensic examinations)

Answer 133

The FLO - Makes arrangements for the family to view the body. - Should look at the body immediately prior to the family. - Provide the family with as much information about the condition of the body - Should spend time with the family at the viewings and afterwards. - The FLO should liaise with the OC concerning the release of the body and inform the family of developments. - They must inform the family where tissue samples are taken

Answer 134

They are retained at ESR and offer to dispose of them on behalf of the family.

Answer 135

The FLO should not participate in any suspect identification proceedures.

Answer 136

Gathering information (lifestyle enquiries) about the victim and family members, to compile a victim profile.

Answer 137

For a family violence where the suspect was arrested at the scene, lifestyle enquiries may be restricted to establishing a history of violence. An investigation yielding little more than a body and no significant witnesses or forensic evidence will require an in depth examination of all aspects of the victims life.

Answer 138

A profile in respect of each family member, and if necessary, friends and associates that attend the family home, in addition to a full victim profile.

Answer 139

People and passive data.

Answer 140

friends Colleagues Partners Associates Online or social media contacts Hobbies and habits Travel movements People along the routes they were known to take Customers or suppliers Religious leaders or associates Cultural associations Other people that they come into contact with

Answer 141

NIA CID Medical history Mental health records Human Source Management Unit Landline telephone details and associated enquiries Mobile telephone records Internet usage Vehicle details Banking and other financial material Diaries, letters and personal documents Photographs and video footage belonging to family, friends and the victim Passport and immigration data.

Answer 142

- What property does the family want to be returned? - How do they want the property returned, for example do they wish for the items to be cleaned - Are there likely to be any delays in the return of any property? - Property should be inspected to ensure all Police and Court exhibit tags have been removed.

Answer 143

- Prepare the victims family for the anticipated level of media interest and provide them with a copy of the “Media information letter to family of the deceased” - Establish the families views on any media appeals - Request the family to nominate a spokesperson at an early stage - Consult the family before the release of personal details relating to the victim - Where possible, provide copies of media releases to the family before distribution - Inform the victims family of significant developments in the investigation before releasing such information to the media, where it is appropriate to do so - Appraise the OC investigation of media activity around the family - Request approval from the victims family to release a photograph of the victim and where practical, respect their choice of photograph.

Answer 144

It is important for the Police to make an objective appreciation of which photograph is most appropriate as the choice of photograph may influence the publics response. It is good practice to obtain a recent photograph from the family and to secure their agreement for publication.

Answer 145

The family should be made aware of their rights under the part 3 of the Victims Rights Act The family should also be informed of the opportunity provided to them under the Parole Act 2002, whereby they can participate in the process to decide whether an offender is granted parole. The Police must ensure the victims family has the opportunity to be advised of the offenders release from Prison, by completing the Police form.

Answer 146

The victim The suspect and The location.

Answer 147

Understanding the victim, their lifestyle and routine may help to establish the reason for their death and the likely identity of the suspect. The results of a well constructed forensic examination of the body will assist the OC investigation to understand who or what caused the death of the victim.

Answer 148

That every contact leaves a trace. Whenever two items come into contact with each other there is a two-way transference; from one item to the other and vice versa. This means that the body must be treated as a scene and afforded all appropriate efforts and resources.

Answer 149

- Ensure death has been certified by a doctor or qualified paramedic using a Deceased Person Certificate - Maintain security and continuity of the body, samples and exhibits, from the scene to the commencement of the post-mortem examination

Answer 150

- Ensure death has been certified - Maintain security and continuity of the body, samples and exhibits, from the scene to the commencement of the post-mortem examination - Secure and guard the body, body samples and any exhibits relating to the body, with dignity and respect. - Note and record observations relating to the body - Note details of medical staff or others who have attended the victim - Establish if the body has been moved or disturbed - Ensure the body is photographed in situ and consider using video recording - On authority of the OC investigation, arrange transportation of the body to the mortuary - Complete sudden death procedures On authority of OC investigation, arrange formal identification of the body - Obtain historical medial records of victim for information of pathologist - Attend the post mortem examination with the OC - Attend the debrief of the pathologist and record the findings, on direction of the OC and/or pathologist - Ensure all cultural responsibilities have been addressed?

Answer 151

- Notify the coroner early of the death - Arrange the post mortem examination in consultation with the coroner - Consult the pathologist before the post-mortem commences, regarding the relevance and benefit of conducting X-ray or CT/CAT scans of the body.

Answer 152

The OC investigation will determine whether the pathologist and / or the crown solicitor will attend the scene to view the body in situ, to gain an understanding and interpretation of the injuries.

Answer 153

- Photographs and/or video recordings taken at the scene - Actions of the first responders Identity of the body - History of the body – including medical history, drugs found at the scene, action taken or developments since the discovery of the body - Timeframes relating to the finding of the body, the last sighting and other significant times that may impact upon time of death - Scope and priorities of the investigation - Any special evidential expectations and requirements - Environmental factors at the scene, e.g. weather conditions, ambient/historical temperature, nearby heating appliances, pollen influences - Any other additional information received from experts

Answer 154

- Notification to and response from the coroner - Views of the pathologist, ESR forensic scientist and crown solicitor attending the crime scene - Consultation with other relevant experts - Requirement for any examination or action needed before removal, based on known facts of the case - Best method and route for the body removal, to minimise contamination of the scene or the body, for example by using sterile stepping plates - Supervision of body removal - Chain of custody of the body from the scene to the mortuary - Safe custody of exhibits - Family and or cultural considerations

Answer 155

The Standing Operating Procedures (SOP) for what and how items of protective clothing must be used in relation to the body.

Answer 156

Unless a specific reason exists to retain them, items of protective clothing used at a scene should be placed in a bag and destroyed.

Answer 157

It should be recorded once and thereafter scene staff may refer to the SOP, rather than recording every use or change of protective clothing.

Answer 158

- Do not attempt to restore the scene to its original unchanged condition - Make enquiries to enable the original unchanged scene to be subsequently reconstructed and photographed, if required.

Answer 159

Specimens should not be taken from the body unless consultation has occurred between attending ESR staff, the pathologist, the OC investigation, Crime Scene Coordinator and Fingerprint Officer. This will be dictated by the OC Investigation.

Answer 160

- Larvae and insects - Potential fingerprint evidence from the skin on the body of the victim and/or items of clothing worn by the body e.g. fine woven fabrics - DNA swabs - Extraneous items such as loose hairs, fibres, glass, paint and other fragments - Firearm residue samples

Answer 161

- Record the position of the body (by sketch plan and photographs). Consider video recording or other imaging techniques - Consider marking and recording the position of the body before moving it e.g. measuring the distance between two nearby features. Depending on the scene this is not always possible - Record all details of the body position - Consider what health risks may be presented by handling the body. - Cover hands, feet and head with paper bags - Ensure clothing on the body is not contaminated by contact with foreign objects - Wrap the body in a plastic sheet and place it in a body bag - Carefully search underneath where the body lay - Retrain, as exhibits, all sheets, bags or other materials used to transport the body - Obtain approval from the OC investigation to remove the body from the scene. - When directed, arrange an undertaker to remove the body to the mortuary.

Answer 162

- Position of the limbs - Appearance of the body - Wounds and clothing - Direction of any trails of blood present on the body - Lividity, if present (coloration of skin due to gravitational movement of blood - Extent of any rigor mortis present

Answer 163

- Secure the paper bags with tape to prevent any trace evidence being lost when the body is moved. - Wide tape should be used, taped around the bag at a suitable anchoring point that will secure the bag to the limb and prevent the bag from slipping off - The tape should not be so tight as to create new marks on the body and MUST NOT be applied directly to the skin of the body. Similarly, rubber bands or other tight fitting fasteners must not be used (marks on body) - If a paper bag is not appropriate (Body is wet), then a plastic bag may be used to protect potential forensic material. - Whilst being transported, any open wounds may she blood into the bag placed over the head and obscure details of blood splatter / direction – liaise with scene experts to determine and priorities appropriate actions to record and preserve this evidence.

Answer 164

- Identification of the body at the mortuary - Authority from the coroner to conduct post-mortem - Consultation with the pathologist - Safe custody of exhibits - Identifying who should attend the post mortem - Requirement for any specific need for examination or sampling based on the known facts of the case - Appropriate resources at the post-mortem, for packaging exhibits and taking photographs. - Family and/or cultural considerations arising from the post-mortem. - Any likely requirement for a second or subsequent post-mortem

Answer 165

It is to observe, document and deal with exhibits associated with the body, in a structured, methodical manner.

Answer 166

They must actively manage all aspects of how the body, body samples and other exhibits associated with the body are treated and give directions to ensure required procedures are followed and that the pace of the examination does not exceed the ability of the OC Body, the perform their role.

Answer 167

- Determining where possible, the mode and time of death - Establishing how injuries and/or events at the scene may have contributed toward the death of the victim - Determining the nature and size of any weapon(s) used - Determining the approximate height and stature of the suspect - Providing areas of interest for subsequent interviews of witnesses and/or suspects - Negating possible defences Identifying the victim, if identity has not been established.

Answer 168

- The pathologist - The coroner - Any other pathologist assisting (if authorised by the Coroner) - A doctor who treated the deceased - A doctor, nurse or funeral director representing the deceased - A doctor representing the interests of a suspect who has or may be charged in relation to the death (if authorised by the coroner) - Any other doctor or trainee doctor (if authorised by the Coroner) Police - Any other person authorised by the coroner

Answer 169

Any doctor, nurse or funeral director attending are not permitted to assist with the post-mortem and must observe only.

Answer 170

- The OC investigation - The OC Body - A member specifically designated as exhibits officer for post-mortem, if required Police photographer - Soco or fingerprint officer, if required.

Answer 171

The OC must consider if any other experts may be able to add value to the investigation by attending the post-mortem examination. This should be discussed with the Crown Solicitor, Pathologist and Coroner.

Answer 172

The time, date and place of the post-mortem and advised that they are required to seek authority from the Coroner for a doctor (or other representative) to attend on their behalf.

Answer 173

- Odontologist - Biologist - Medical illustrator - Toxicologist - Ballistics expert - Crime Scene - Entomologist - Anthropologist - Disaster victim identification

Answer 174

- MEK examination kit - Toxicology kit - Body label - A notebook and pens for use solely during the post-mortem - A scene exhibit Schedule form - a template is included in the Serious Crime Template - Copy of completed Pol 47 - Deceased person certificate - Deceased person identification - Exhibit packaging supplies including envelopes, tape, exhibit labels and numerous paper exhibit sacks of various sizes - Protective clothing e.g. paper suit, gloves and carbon filter masks - Photographs from the scene, if available, showing the body in situ - A range of available exhibit numbers for the post-mortem, obtained from the OC exhibits - Pre-printed exhibit labels bearing the allocated exhibits numbers, if available Roll of brown paper, for placing layers between folds of any bloodstained clothing - Firearm residue kit, if relevant

Answer 175

Items which are relevant to the post-mortem examination may need to be taken to the mortuary or the pathologist for inspection.

Answer 176

It MUST be properly packaged to avoid contamination, but also be clearly visible.

Answer 177

Weapons must not be taken to the mortuary until after the post-mortem examination has been conducted. This is to avoid any potential contamination.

Answer 178

- An iwi liaison officer must be engaged as early as possible - It is important that all persons attending death scenes, handling dead bodies and tissue samples should be sensitive to cultural and religious expectations - The Police must ensure that Maori have culturally appropriate services that are maintained and administer when dealing with death scene attendances - Maori place significant importance on all events leading up to, during and after death. - The Tangihanga is of immense cultural importance. - Maori must be given the opportunity to bless the site of death before the body is moved. - The OC body should be aware of these traditions to build a positive relationship.

Answer 179

Some cultures and religions hold strong attitudes to post-mortem examinations

Answer 180

- Ensure mortuary staff do not wash the body - Ensure the body is labelled and secured in the secure mortuary fridge - Retain any key used to secure the body, until it is required for the post-mortem - Ensure the body remains in its present condition until the commencement of the post-mortem - Arrange formal identification of the body

Answer 181

It will only take place at the direction of the OC investigation. If possible, this should occur before the post-mortem examination, however this may not be possible due to a risk of contamination or because the post-mortem will take place elsewhere.

Answer 182

- Fingerprints - DNA Profiling ( take 3-4 weeks or 24 hrs for urgent) - Dental records - Eye examination records - Medical examination records, including scars, birth marks, implants or prosthetics, x-rays, surgical wounds, amputations and tattoos - Personal effects - Facial reconstruction

Answer 183

Photographs of clothing, tattoos, marks and unusual scars. Care must be taken not to contaminate evidence.

Answer 184

- Whether the remains are actually bones - Whether the bones are human - The age, gender, height and race of the person

Answer 185

- Relevant information and material, e.g.: - Copy of the Notification of the Coroner - Medical examination kit - Toxicology kit - Medical records of the deceased - Comprehensive photographs and/or video recordings taken at the scene. These should include photographs of exhibits, weapons and the body ‘in situ’ which will benefit the briefing for the post-mortem, as well as the subsequent examination.

Answer 186

The OC body must not make any notes of discussions concerning the post-mortem examination, unless specifically directed to by the OC investigation and / or the pathologist.

Answer 187

Stripping of the body will take place immediately before the post-mortem examination commences, but must only be undertaken on the specific direction of the OC investigation, generally after a visual examination and collection of evidence from the clothed body has been completed.

Answer 188

The OC Body and any other persons present must dress in protective clothing (foot coverings, latex gloves, overalls and a face mask). It may also be convenient to wear double gloves so the outer pair can be removed to reveal a fresh pair beneath.

Answer 189

- The body must only be stripped in the presence of the pathologist Remove the body from the secure mortuary fridge and assist mortuary staff to take the body into the post-mortem examination room. - Remove the body from the body bag, causing minimal disturbance to the body. - Take possession of the body bag and any sheets or wrappings used to transport the body, as exhibits. - Direct the Police photographer to take additional photographs to ensure sufficient photographs are taken before the clothing is removed and again afterwards - Remove items of clothing from the body. Mortuary technicians may assist to remove clothing, but only under the supervision and direction of the OC body - Make an inventory of clothing and possessions, as each item is removed - Label each item of clothing and each possession - Seal each item in a seperate paper bag or container - Ensure exhibits do not cross-contaminate each other by coming into contact with one another - Maintain security and continuity of the body and exhibits taken from the body. - In cases involving obvious head trauma, consider placing a fine sieve in the mortuary table to collect trace evidence.

Answer 190

- Cutting clothing should be avoided, but may be necessary in some cases. If unavoidable, cut clothing In areas where evidence is least likely to be present - Search clothing and make an inventory of each of the pocket contents

Answer 191

- The body before it is stripped - The body, after it is stripped - Close up photographs of any wounds, marks, internal injuries and unusual features. - These photographs must include a measuring scale placed in proximity to the feature to make a permanent record of the dimensions of the feature.

Answer 192

The OC investigation will consult the pathologist regarding any other photographic records required; e.g. internal organs, radiological examination or computed tomography scans

Answer 193

They may be beneficial to trace the path of bullets and in cases such as blunt force head trauma injuries.

Answer 194

CT scans may facilitate the Crown Solicitor to lead such evidence at trial whereas the graphic nature of photographic evidence of the same injuries may result in limitations being imposed on the extent to which such photographic evidence could be admitted.

Answer 195

Fingerprints and palmprints for the purpose of comparison to fingerprint evidence found at the scene. This may be done at the conclusion of the examination or after the hands have been examined by the pathologist and any evidence has been removed.

Answer 196

- Records a description of the body, including g height, weight, build, eye colour and hair (density, colour and baldness) - Records the bodys external appearance (front and back) including; injuries, bruises, scars, scratches, discoloration and imperfections such as false teeth or a false leg. - Uses specialist kids for collecting evidence - samples where appropriate, for example, medical examination kit, toxicology kit, firearms discharge residue kit or post mortem kit.

Answer 197

This will depend on specific features of each case. The OC investigation will determine any specific pathological requirements but ultimately if the OC is under the default will be to have it taken

Answer 198

Recording, labelling, packaging, sealing and securing all physical exhibits relating to the body, including the samples taken during the post mortem. They must all be packaged and sealed before leaving the mortuary

Answer 199

- Ballistic projectiles - Foreign items such as hairs, fibers, blood or semen on or in the body - Ligatures, any knot present on a ligature must not be cut or undone as the knot may be subject to a subsequent knot examination.

Answer 200

They may retain some exhibits to submit to the laboratory for analysis.

Answer 201

The OC body must allocate these an exhibit number and record them in the scene exhibit schedule. They should also request a copy of any record created by the mortuary of samples taken during the post mortem examination.

Answer 202

- The pathologist will ultimately provide a full report of their findings - Attending staff will make notes only at the direction of the OC investigation or pathologist

Answer 203

The OC body must be present. During this debrief the OC body will record the pathologists findings as well as the cause of death, but only at the direction of OC investigation. An interim cause of death may be provided in some cases where further associated enquiries are needed to establish he final cause of death, such as suspected poisoning where the organs are sent to the lab for analysis.

Answer 204

Further examinations may be necessary. A peer review may be requested. IF this is the case, advise the pathologist before it is disseminated.

Answer 205

- The post-mortem scene exhibit schedule - Copy of the OC bodys notebook entries - Formal statement

Answer 206

- Statement relating to the victims formal identification - Copy of the Police report to the coroner or a form for Sudden Unexpected Death in infancy. - Copy of the Deceased person Cetrificate - Copy of Deceased Person Identification

Answer 207

- The pathologist is unable to determine cause of death in the initial post-mortem - A suspects lawyer seeks approval from the coroner to conduct an independent post-mortem - The Solicitor General orders a further post-mortem, after an application to the High Court

Answer 208

It is the responsibility of the OC Investigation to confirm that the post mortem process is concluded and that the body is no longer required. The coroner must be requested to make an order to release the body to the next of kin. Once this order has been obtained, the family must be advised as soon as possible. Police must advise that samples have been taken from and retained. They must also obtain the families views of the disposal of such samples.

Answer 209

Blood Stomach contents - toxicology and identify the last meal (TOD) Head and pubic hair - used as a control for other hairs found Urine - toxicology examination Ocular fluid - alcohol or drugs a few hours before death Bile - toxicology examination Liver - similar to bile Lungs - can identify accelerants used Organs - studied for injuries Naval cavities - cases killed or located outside

Answer 210

A methodically conducted area canvass presents a high likelihood of identifying or contacting the offender, an associate of the offender, significant witnesses, identifying evidence or exhibits and establishing significant facts. These witnesses can advise of movements of the offender before and after the offence occurred.

Answer 211

The OC area canvass reports to the OC investigation and together they must ensure the canvass is conducted thoroughly and recorded accurately. The OC area canvass must ensure the area canvass team remains focused and that the canvass results in efficient use of resources and the return of relevant and manageable information and material.

Answer 212

- Identifying the offender - Identifying and locating evidence, such as vehicles, discarded clothing, weapons and other articles - Identifying witnesses - Gathering information

Answer 213

- Sightings of the victim or offender before or after the event - Sightings of relevant property or vehicles - Sightings of potential witnesses - Creating the opportunity for an early arrest through early identification of the offender - Obtaining key information to drive the investigation or develop lines of enquiry - Promoting awareness of significant occurrences - Eliminating unidentified vehicles or persons reported by the witnesses - Obtaining an accurate record of the local community

Answer 214

Reviews should be conducted regularly and subsequent canvasses may be required as facts and circumstances change, and changes may be required to questionnaires used in the subsequent canvasses.

Answer 215

The OC investigation, OC area canvass and OC suspects should attend the external/general scene as soon as possible to make a reconnaissance of the area and conduct an appreciation and set the parameters and objectives of the canvass. This will provide a clear perspective of the area.

Answer 216

Area canvass objectives Location parameters Time parameters Risk assessment Identifying suspects/person of interest Identifying witnesses Resources Use of questionnaires.

Answer 217

An initial area canvass will normally be conducted when Police first attend the incident, a formal area canvass will normally follow and re-visits are frequently required to capture persons who were not present during the earlier canvass enquiries. It should take place at the same time of day that the offence occurred - to catch people that would be in the area at that time.

Answer 218

- Scenes - Premises within the line of sight of scenes - Access and egress routes to and from scenes - Areas where an offender may have lain in wait - Location where the victim was last seen alive - Location of premises frequented by the victim - Locations of similar or previous incidents identified by intelligence as having occurred in the same locality as the offence under investigation.

Answer 219

- Violent offenders - Persons wanted by Police for other crimes or wanted on warrant - Groups with particular linguistic or cultural needs - Local incidents or issues which residents may raise with Police.

Answer 220

- The offence (times between which the offence is thought to have occurred - The scene (times when people visited the scene) - Times at which the victim, other witnesses or offender was seen at a particular location - Previous residents and visitors at the scene - Consideration of peoples varying work times

Answer 221

- Events connected to an incident under investigation - Sightings of the victim or offender before or after the event - Sightings of other potential witnesses - Sightings of relevant property or vehicles

Answer 222

The OC investigation must develop a strategy to identify all persons living or working at that location and obtain accounts of their movements at the relevant times.

Answer 223

In circumstances where police seek to identify persons who may avoid a particular area if they were aware of Police presence.

Answer 224

Investigators may use canvass enquiries to identify people with particular characteristics who are relevant to the enquiry but who are not thought to be the offender. This is most likely to occur when they are seeking to establish the identity of unnamed people who have been sighted by other witnesses.

Answer 225

Street maps, aerial photographs showing houses and the location of sections, geological information, local council records and other applicable references. Open source internet applications, Police Intelligence systems and public libraries to obtain resources.

Answer 226

To ensure all relevant information is gathered consistently, investigators should use a prescribed questionnaire to incorporate the circumstances of the particular offence. The OC investigation is responsible for authorising a questionnaire before it can be used and for deciding the format of documentation. Sometimes, a more specific questionnaire may be required.

Answer 227

- Summarise the situation and detail the duties and areas of responsibility of each canvass team member - Emphasise the need for thoroughness and that every person in every household and visitors must be seen personally - Stress that the questionnaire is only a guide to ensure that questions are asked, but should be regarded as flexible in that information supplied could lead to other questions - Advise that evidence of possible probative value must be obtained in a formal written statement rather than notebook form - Consider visiting the canvass area to record every address including flats and vacant sections and then reconcile these premises with the map - Ensure all forms are completed and actioned as outline - Reconcile completed locations with the master copy to avoid duplication

Answer 228

- What action to take if they believe they have identified the suspect - What action to take if they locate items of evidential value - What action to take if individuals refuse to assist - How to complete the correspondence flow - What information can be disclosed during the area canvass - What information must not be disclosed.

Answer 229

That staff morale remains high which can be achieved through providing regular feedback on the ways that these enquiries are contributing to the progress of the investigation, together with updates on the progress being made with other phases of the enquiry.

Answer 230

As each household is completed, the OC area canvass should shade in a map to maintain a quick up to date record of the areas canvassed. A similar map, should be retained at the Operation headquarters.

Answer 231

- Evaluate the quality of work and provide quality assurance - Identify lines of enquiry to be highlighted to the 2IC - Monitor ongoing progress of the canvass - Facilitate the detailed recording of progress

Answer 232

- Which addresses have been visited - Which occupants interviewed - The documentation completed - And any relevant comments made

Answer 233

- Use of experts - Use of an aide memoir and script - Leaflets - Other options

Answer 234

Consideration should be given to the use of experts in areas with diverse ethnic culture which may help alleviate the misinterpretation of responses and behaviour.

Answer 235

This would ensure the staff have ready access to all of the relevant information they need to conduct interviews. Relevant information may include local or national news items, TV schedules or significant events to job witnesses memories. Any photographs used should be of high quality The aide memoir should be updated regularly.

Answer 236

In some cases, people may be reluctant to provide officers with information that could be useful. It is good practice to leave a leaflet that gives details of the investigation and contact phone numbers.

Answer 237

- Media - Poster campaign - Mail drop - High profile police presence (caravan) Or a combination of the above.

Answer 238

- Key locations where door to door enquiries have been undertaken - Parameters of initial police activity - What questions were asked and any perceived issues from the respondents - What records have been completed - Who has been spoken to at what address - Whether personal descriptions been taken of persons seen - Whether NIA checks have been completed in respect of persons seen - Relevant information provided by persons seen - Any intelligence obtained - Whether persons have a credible alibi - Whether witness interviews have been conducted and/or statements taken for persons providing evidence - Details/locations of vehicles owned by persons interviewed - Details of other persons who live or were present at the premises - Identity of any suspects - Details of premises where there was no response - Confirmation that all notebooks of staff members involved in the area canvass are accounted for - Whether any issues arose that could improve future performance in canvass enquiries

Answer 239

They must submit a report to the OC investigation outlining the circumstances of this particular aspect of the investigation.

Answer 240

A summary of all action taken Any significant findings highlighted Attention drawn to any action that has been undertaken which was outside of the original phase strategy

Answer 241

Part A and Part B

Answer 242

Each dwelling Each flat or apartment in the case of multiple dwellings on a single property A vacant dwelling or empty section

Answer 243

Street name House number Flat number Personal details of all residents Personal details of all other people who were visiting the address at the time of the offence Vehicles used by all residents and visitors to the address

Answer 244

The Part B form is the questionnaire used in the investigation. The OC investigation and the OC area canvass decide on the wording in the questionnaire, depending on what they wish to establish.

Answer 245

Personal details Home details Work details Answers to specific questions

Answer 246

- Check them for information relevant to the enquiry - Match up the part B forms with the relevant Part A forms for that address - Tick off the Part A entries to show who has been interviewed

Answer 247

Staff must obtain as much information that will assist police to locate and interview that person, and record this on the Part A form.

Answer 248

- Arrange for them to provide a Formal Written Statement - Record on their part B form that they have made a Formal Written Statement and add a description of the person interviewed - Ensure the witness information is conveyed to the OC area canvass and 2IC investigation as soon as practicable. - Give the Part B form the the OC area canvass.

Answer 249

- File Part A and Part B forms together, in numerical and street sequence - Send the duplicate Part B form tot he File Manager for filing alphabetically - Shade in the area on the area canvass map.

Answer 250

Viewing CCTV Media releases and appeals Area canvass Interviews with victims and other witnesses Suspect interviews Anniversary appeals Road check points

Answer 251

Place where the victim was last seen alive Place where initial contact with suspect took place Place where victim was assaulted Murder site Body deposition site

Answer 252

- Initiating a witness search along the possible access and escape routes from each scene - Making enquiries at significant geographical locations proximate to the scene

Answer 253

Before a witness is interviewed, a plan must be prepared to preserve and recover all available physical evidence from the witness including DNA, fingerprints, clothes, footwear, fibres, body fluids, glass or other material. This is because some witnesses may have been so proximate to events that it is likely evidence was transferred to the witness, from the victim, suspect or from the scene itself.

Answer 254

Where a witness has made a recording of an incident efforts should be made to obtain informed consent from the witness to hand the device to police so the recording can be downloaded.

Answer 255

The witness should be advised to retain the recording and arrangements should be made for a suitably qualified technician to visit the witness to download the material at the earliest opportunity And if consent is refused, consideration should be given to whether a warrantless search can be conducted or there are grounds for a search warrant

Answer 256

- Early identification or arrest of a suspect - Recovery of evidence or information relevant to the offence - Prevention of the imminent disposal or destruction of evidence connected to the investigation - Prevention of the commission of other offences

Answer 257

- Conducted in accordance with the Police Manual chapter ‘Investigative Interviewing Witness Guide’ - Limited to using appropriate open TEDS questions to establish sufficient information to immediately progress the enquiry - Framed to elicit a brief account of the events witnessed, including where and when the event is alleged to have taken place and who was involved or present

Answer 258

- Whether due to the personal characteristics of the witness or the circumstances of the offending, the witness requires special consideration - Availability of the witness - Any needs the witness has for special assistance - The optimum approach to be taken with the witness

Answer 259

- The level of training of the interviewer - The experience the officer has in interviewing witnesses in major investigations and any additional skills the interviewer has which may be advantageous in the circumstances - The suitability of the officer to undertake the interview.

Answer 260

- The time and location of the interview - The amount of information to be disclosed to the interviewer - Setting interview objectives - Supporting the interview, for example, employing an interview monitor - The structure of the interview e.g. whether the interview will be recorded on video, audio, or written

Answer 261

It must be done to establish the extent to which a witness might be at risk of intimidation and/or physical harm. Intelligence personnel may be tasked to contribute to the assessment and consultation should take place between the OC investigation and the Crown Solicitor if the witness is subject to intimidation.

Answer 262

- Debriefing the interviewers - Identifying any need for supplementary interviews - The assessment of any risk to the witness and identification of any associated steps required to ensure their ongoing support and safety

Answer 263

- A discretionary grant of up to $1500 for families of homicide victims - Free counselling for families of murder and manslaughter victims. Initially six hours are approved with the option to increase to 15 hours. Counselling up to a maximum of 30 hours may have approved if required.

Answer 264

ACC can help towards the costs of their burial, cremation and related ceremonies. Families of victims are able to claim a top-up to the existing ACC funeral grant where the death is confirmed as a result of murder or manslaughter and the maximum ACC funeral grant has already been claimed.

Answer 265

Investigators should promptly bring to the attention of the OC investigation, the details of any witness that has been spoken to but who has declined to be interviewed. The investigator should outline the details of any information the witness has provided and copies of any notes made. A record must be made of all the information provided by the witness, as this may be crucial if the witness is later called as a witness for the defence.

Answer 266

The OC investigation must carefully and quickly consider the options Protection may be afforded to the affected parties and in some cases, the circumstances should be dealt with in accordance with the National Witness Protection programme guidelines. The witness may also be entitled to anonymity which can be obtained by way of application or an order from the judge.

Answer 267

- Make enquiries to determine the veracity of the alibi - Conduct inquiries as directed by the OC and the Crown Solicitor including NIA checks on the alibi witness - Forward the results of these enquiries to the Crown Solicitor, including any statements obtained

Answer 268

- Obtaining information about suspects and persons of interest, as they are identified by the OC investigation - Thoroughly profiling and investigating all suspects and persons of interest to enable the OC investigation to establish their involvement in the offence or eliminate them from the inquiry - Seeking evidence to cover all elements of the offence(s) - Mitigating and dealing with possible defences that may be raised, where appropriate - Providing a basis for further investigation

Answer 269

Identification and profiling Arrest/termination Interviewing

Answer 270

- The circumstances of the offence including an analysis of the scene and witness evidence available - The full details of all persons of interest and any suspect, where the identity of suspects are known - Details of any descriptions of the suspect provided by witnesses - Whether any particular modus operandi/crime signatures have been identified.

Answer 271

Area canvass Intelligence analysis Police noting linking suspect to relevant area Fignerprints DNA samples Witness evidence Police FV teams CHIS Response to publicity and media reports Other Police employees or groups Enquiries with external government agencies Enquiries made with non-government agencies or at particular venues

Answer 272

- To members of the search, area canvass and investigation teams - To the media

Answer 273

The OC Suspects should consider, in consultation with the OC witnesses, whether the witness who saw a suspect should complete a FACES sketch which is used to compile a likeness of an offender from the description and it should be completed early, while the details are fresh in the witness’ mind.

Answer 274

For release to the media To be used by investigators during an area canvass In conduct of suspect enquiries

Answer 275

- NIA enquiries - Enquiries with the local council to identify the property owner - Conducting a reconnaissance of the area - Monitoring the address through surveillance - Taking photographs of any person and vehicles as they enter or leave the premises - Monitoring the use of the suspects telephone via a production order (interception) - Enquiries with the local authority and utility providers to identify who lives at the address

Answer 276

By selecting a common characteristic shared by a group of people, which may include the offender. These characteristics will depend on the circumstances of the crime but examples may include persons related or associated with the victim. This could help identify the offender.

Answer 277

They must conduct elimination enquiries by tracing and interviewing persons who populate these TIE categories and, where possible, eliminating them against a set of elimination criteria determined by the OC.

Answer 278

- The names and aliases used by the suspect - The suspects previous criminal history, convictions and modus operandi - Places of residence, work and any other premises the suspect has access to - Details of vehicles owned, used or that the suspect has access to and their pattern of movements - Details of all landline and cellular telephones used by the suspect - A full description of the suspect - A recent photograph of the suspect - Medical records - License details held for firearms - Whether the suspect has any access to firearms - Details of accounts held or used by the suspect - Offender reports from previous occasions Intelligence noting forms of previous sightings by Police - Employment details and attendance record - The suspects lifestyle, associates and places frequented - Movement of the suspect - Marital status and details of any spouse or family members - Names and details of known associates - Any intelligence suggesting that the suspect may have committed other offences Intelligence that will enhance rapport building and the interview process

Answer 279

- Financial information/bank records - CCTV and other images - Personal computer information - Telecommunications information - Voice-recording systems - Customer information, including subscriber information - Access/door security systems - Tachographs - Vehicle GPS - Toll records - Cellular telephones - Internet websites including social network sites

Answer 280

- An investigator is appointed to be responsible for each suspect. Where practicable, these appointments will be made at an earlier stage so those appointed can adequately prepare for the interview - The decision to prosecute, choice of charges and prosecution processes are conducted in accordance with the Solicitor-Generals Prosecution Guidelines - Clarity on the position to be taken by Police on the question of bail - Authority to engage the Crown Solicitor is obtained from the Police Prosecutions service - The family of the deceased are updated via the Family Liaison Officer - Prompt preparation of the prosecution file - Compliance by the Disclosure Manager, or File Manager where one is not appointed, with the requirements pursuant to the Criminal Disclosure Act 2008, and that the agreed processes are actively monitored

Answer 281

- Liaise with the OC investigation regarding selection of the interviewer, including whether Lvl 2 or Lvl 3 trained interviewer should be used - Consult with the OC investigation regarding the most appropriate mode of recording the interview, usually on video. - Establish, in consultation with the OC investigation, the status of the person as a witness, PO or suspect. This will determine whether the interview is to be conducted under caution and the interviewee advised of their rights - Consider whether the person requires special consideration, e.g. due to linguistic, cultural or religious factors, or medical condition, impairment or disability - Consult with other interviewing experts or legal advisor - Ensure the interview is fully briefed - Ensure the interviewer is family with the procedures outlined in the investigative interviewing suspect guide - Discuss with the interviewer the elements that need to be established, the suspects background, and possible alibis and motives. - Ensure that the interviewer has prepared a detailed interview plan

Answer 282

- The interview is conducted in accordance with the Investigative interviewing suspect guide - The interview is monitored by a supervisor or experienced Detective to ensure that all key points and areas are covered - Ensure an explanation is sought from the suspect in relation to any exhibits found

Answer 283

- Ensure suspects are isolated from each other, where there is more than one suspect - Ensure that each suspect arrested is advised of their rights in accordance with the Bill of Rights Act 1990 - In the case of a juvenile suspect, consider and address Police obligations under the CYFS act - Consider executing a search for evidence of the suspects person, vehicle, home and workplace.

Answer 284

- Strategy - Establish search strategy - Legal authority - Ensure it exists - SOCO and photographers - Ensure they attend - Search Property and Vehicle - OC exhibits - Ensure attendance - Suspect - Must be present at the scene - Photograph - All exhibits in situ before removal - Fingerprints - Consider taking before removal - Seizing exhibits - must be done under legal authority - Explanation - from the suspect about the exhibits - Receipt - Issue a receipt for any exhibits seized - Sealed - Exhibits must be sealed before removal - Label, examine and record all exhibits

Answer 285

Where more than one suspect is involved, an appreciation must be made regarding which staff are assigned to seize clothing from suspects. - Seperate officers should be assigned to each suspect - Suspects should be kept apart during travel in vehicles and when in cells - All clothing should be packaged, labelled and sealed in accordance with standard procedures before transfer to OC exhibits

Answer 286

- Note any injuries, such as scratches or bruises - Take samples identified as necessary by the OC investigation using a Specialist Medical Examination Kit - Swab the suspects hands for firearms residue using a Specialist Firearms Detection kit - Provide a professional opinion regarding the condition of the suspect

Answer 287

Blood Saliva Head hair Pubic and body hair Fingernail scrapings Swabs of the suspects hands or other relevant areas

Answer 288

Where a suspect refuses to allow a search to be conducted under section 88 S&S (evidential material) then reasonable force may be used to conduct the search.

Answer 289

- Take fingerprints, footprints, palm prints, and blood for DNA analysis - Arrange photographs of the suspect - Obtain samples of the suspects handwriting - Record a physical description of the suspect - Record details for the offender report

Answer 290

- The circumstances of the arrest - A summary of the offence with which the suspect is charged - The suspects previous criminal history - The suspects previous mental history - The symptoms and duration of the suspects current mental illness

Answer 291

- Make enquiries of people other than the person whose particulars have been supplied to confirm or rebut evidence - Complete enquiries to establish where the suspect was at the time of the offence, who they were with and what they were doing - Wherever possible, corroboration of the alibi provided by the suspect should be sought from forensic or other sources that are independent of the suspect

Answer 292

- Mass exhibit handling - Forensic principles - Methods of exhibit recovery - Approved procedures for packaging and security of evidence - Managing contamination and cross-contamination issues - Use of standardised documentation as contained in IMT

Answer 293

Establishing and maintaining exhibit management systems and for maintaining the physical security and continuity of all exhibits.

Answer 294

- Evidential value of each exhibit - Investigative opportunities presented by each exhibit - Further enquiries that are needed

Answer 295

- What exhibits have been found, and their movements - The results of any exhibit examinations - Whether any further enquiries are required

Answer 296

- The exhibit label contains the exhibit number and the name of the operation, Other details such as a description of the item, the details of the person finding it, the time, date and location are recorded in IMT and PROP - The property is correctly packaged and sealed, and the exhibit label is visible and secured on the outside of the package - Any prompt action necessary to preserve the exhibit has been taken e.g. drying wet or bloodstained clothing in an appropriate drying facility.

Answer 297

Whether sealed or not, no exhibits should be taken into the Investigation Headquarters. A secure room should be available for exclusive use by the OC Exhibits. This should include secure facilities for the storage of biological evidence and ideally a nearby officer from which the OC exhibits can work.

Answer 298

All decisions relating to selection of particular types of forensic examination and prioritisation of those examinations in a homicide or other serious crime investigation will be made at a Forensic Strategy meeting

Answer 299

That all exhibits are fully examined in accordance with Forensic Strategy meeting decisions.

Answer 300

It allows the OC exhibits to priorities tasks in line with he direction of the investigation.

Answer 301

They are held to determine which exhibit or other forensic examinations are required and the priority of those examinations.

Answer 302

- What examinations ESR and others could conduct on exhibits - The priority each examination should receive - Whether any further work is needed to assist a reconstruction - A plan for any work to be completed that is required to assist the reconstruction - An agreed reconstruction of the events relevant to the crime under investigation

Answer 303

- Ensure exhibit examination decisions are confirmed through the Forensic Strategy Meeting process - Record in IMT or PROP all decisions taken about the types of examinations to be conducted and the priority allocated to each examination - Ensure the OC investigation has authorised the proposed examination - Prepare the necessary papers for the ESR or other expert - Ensure any exhibits identified for forensic examination are prepared before being delivered - Deliver exhibits for scientific examination promptly to avoid deterioration and loss of evidence. - Inform the expert undertaking a scientific examination if it is no longer required.

Answer 304

- All items are separately wrapped - All parcels are sealed - All items or their packages are labelled and numbered - A list of all items is attached - The Police form is consistent with the labels on the items - Items are in an appropriate condition e.g. clothing is dry and blood samples are refrigerated

Answer 305

Brief circumstances of the case Purpose of the examination Location where each item originates from Whether any exhibits are amp or require special attention Authorisation by the appropriate supervisor

Answer 306

Must upload the Exhibits Register and should bring such information to the attention of the OC investigation and not assume that they are aware of it by any other means.

Answer 307

Yes and the OC exhibits must facilitate the inspection of exhibits.

Answer 308

The OC investigation (in conjunction with OC Exhibits) must decide which exhibits are considered relevant, determine the significance of any forensic examination and establish the most appropriate manner in which exhibits and examination results are to be presented at trial The OC exhibits is responsible for arranging the transportation of exhibits to and from Court, for their security at the venue and for their production, as directed by the prosecutor

Answer 309

- Clearly demonstrates the evidential value of the exhibits e.g. by mounting clothes on a mannequin or board - Avoids any risk of physical injury, disease, accident, contamination or damage

Answer 310

It includes every individual who has had custody of an exhibit, from the time it was first discovered until the time it is produced in Court. It is used to demonstrate the integrity, and therefore admissibility, of exhibits.

Answer 311

- When they received custody of the exhibit and from whom - Where and how the exhibit was securely stored - When, why and how the exhibit was moved from one place to another - How the exhibit has been treated, safeguarded and preserved - When and why they transferred custody of an exhibit to another person and to whom.

Answer 312

When trace evidence (hair fibres, paint and blood) is transferred from one item to another. Trace evidence that attached itself to a significant exhibit during the commission of the crime, becomes significant evidence when it is found. However, if the evidence could have transferred to the exhibit via a third party during the course of the investigation, this represents potential cross contamination

Answer 313

- Be consistent - Allow delegation of exhibit numbers to staff who will utilise them - Cope with multiple scenes - Be compatible with technology, allowing searching to be conducted using exhibit numbers - Encompass all exhibits

Answer 314

- Conduct all duties as OC exhibits, in accordance with the purpose of an OC exhibits - Access IMT for labels, spreadsheet, guides and schedules - Establish the Standard Operating Procedures set by the OC Investigation - Establish a system of 5 digit exhibit number rangers to cater for all scenes and cover all exhibits - Brief each officer in charge of an investigation phase on scene and provide them with the standards as above - Establish a secure area for exhibit storage and if possible, an appropriate exhibit processing area - Take charge of any exhibits from various phases of the investigation - Check IMT or PROP from officers in charge of phases of the investigation so the exhibits can be audited - Commence an IMT register for the investigation - Update the OC investigation - Attend all investigation team conferences - Arrange Forensic Strategy meetings in consultation with the OC investigation - Complete ‘examination strategy documents’ - Update the exhibits register with all Forensic Strategy decisions - Prepare documents necessary to accompany exhibits to ESR - Transport exhibits for examination personally - Record chain of custody in IMT or PROP Where an exhibit examination is no longer required, promptly inform the expert who is conducting the examination

Serious crime investigation Flashcards

(339 cards)