Serology I

Question 1

Serology

Answer 1

Study of serum and other bodily fluids

Question 2

What fluids might you find in a crime scene?

Answer 2

Blood, sweat, tears, semen, saliva, vaginal fluids

Question 3

How many people are Secretors

Answer 3

80%

Question 4

What are secretors

Answer 4

People you can tell the blood type from sweat and tears

Question 5

What is alcohol used for in Kastle-Meyer?

Answer 5

cleaning up the area AND Increasing sensitivity to better expose the hemoglobin

Question 6

What does H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) do in kastle meyer?

Answer 6

Hemoglobin frees oxygen w/in H2O2, chemical oxident

Question 6

What is phenolphthalein used for in kastle-meyer?

Answer 6

Color indicator, turns pink when oxidized

Question 7

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 7

Oxygen carrying pigment of red blood cells

Question 8

What does hemoglobin do?

Answer 8

Carries oxygen to tissues

Question 9

What makes mammal blood cells different from non mammals?

Answer 9

Mammal blood cells are circular

Question 10

Antigens

Answer 10

Proteins on the surface of your red blood cells

Question 11

Agglutination

Answer 11

Blood clotting/coagulation

Question 12

What are the blood types?

Answer 12

+/- A, B, AB, O

Question 13

What floats in the plasma of blood?

Answer 13

Antibodies (“Bouncers”, goes against incompatible)

Question 14

Why is there a dent in the human blood cell?

Answer 14

A nucleus used to be there, but it degraded early in its life

Question 15

What creates blood cells?

Answer 15

Bone marrow

Question 16

Do blood cells reproduce?

Answer 16

No, bc no nucleus

Question 17

What is a spleen?

Answer 17

“Red/white blood cell cemetery”,

Question 18

What determines your blood type?

Answer 18

Parents/inheritance

Question 19

What do blood types mean?

Answer 19

Specific antigens attached to the surface of your red blood cells

Question 20

What does AB blood have?

Answer 20

Both types of Antigen

Question 21

What is O blood type?

Answer 21

No antigens

Question 22

RH factor

Answer 22

An antigen that makes a blood type Positive. If you have it you’re positive, if you don’t then you’re negative

Question 23

What makes O- special?

Answer 23

No antigens, very neutral (No RH factor OR antigens). Universal

Question 24

What happens if you put two blood types together that are incompatible?

Answer 24

Agglutination/everything gels up like it's clotting. Death will occur.

Question 25

Will an antibody (with A+) accept A-?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Will an antibody (With A+) accept B+

Answer 26

No, it will reject it (B present)

Question 27

Will an antibody (with A+) accept AB+?

Answer 27

No, it will reject it (B is present)

Question 28

Will an antibody with A+ accept O+

Answer 28

Yes, it will accept it (no B present)

Question 29

Does B- have RH?

Answer 29

No (negative)

Question 30

If you have a B- blood, what antibodies will be in the plasma?

Answer 30

Anti-A, **anti-RH**

Question 31

Will B- accept A+ blood?

Answer 31

No (RH present, A present)

Question 32

Will B- accept O+?

Answer 32

No (RH present)

Question 33

What blood types will O- accept?

Answer 33

**NONE** except O-

Question 34

What blood types will AB+ accept?

Answer 34

ALL blood types

Question 35

What is AB+ known as?

Answer 35

the Universal **Recipient** (ANYONE can donate to you)

Question 36

What is O- known as?

Answer 36

The universal **Donor** (You can donate to ANYONE)

Question 37

Putrefaction

Answer 37

decay

Question 38

What are antigens known as?

Answer 38

"Surface Markers"; they trigger immune responses (coagulation/agglutination)

Question 39

What do antibodies do?

Answer 39

Interact with antigens, if they are against them then they will destroy them

Question 40

What antibodies does O- have?

Answer 40

Anti-A, Anti-B

Question 41

Why does nothing happen in a kastle-meyer test if no hemoglobin is present?

Answer 41

No H2O2 to break up into 2H202 and O2

Question 42

Why do you test something you know has blood on it if it's blood?

Answer 42

To make sure the test is working and to see the difference between a positive and negative result.

Question 43

What is the first step in DNA fingerprinting?

Answer 43

Add restriction enzymes to DNA Sample (cuts long DNA strands)

Question 44

Step 2 of DNA fingerprinting

Answer 44

Pour aragose gel into tray on lab counter (Acts as a molecular strainer)

Question 45

Step 3 of DNA fingerprinting

Answer 45

Electrophoresis (moves molecules with electric current) (DNA is negative, so gel acts as a strainer for the DNA as it moves to the positively charged tray

Question 46

Step 5 of DNA fingerprinting

Answer 46

Place nylon membrane on top of gel (easier to work with, DNA moves to membrane)

Question 47

Step 6 of DNA fingerprinting

Answer 47

Add probes to the nylon membrane (probes are radioactive and attach to certain DNA fragments in a sequence)

Question 48

Step 7 of DNA fingerprinting

Answer 48

Place X-ray on top of nylon film (exposes radioactivity from the probes) and develop

Question 49

who discovered human blood types

Answer 49

Landsteiner

Question 50

DNA fragments separate according to ___ during DNA fingerprinting

Answer 50

size

Question 51

The fragments visualized during DNA fingerprinting

Answer 51

bands

Question 52

the process used to separate bands of DNA

Answer 52

gel electrophoresis

Question 53

test performed at a crime scene; a screening test

Answer 53

presumptive

Question 54

dna fingerprint database

Answer 54

CODIS

Question 55

confirmatory test for identifying blood cells

Answer 55

microscopic analysis

Question 56

test performed in a secure, controlled lab setting

Answer 56

confirmatory

Question 57

Statistical analysis is based on the most ____ portions of DNA

Answer 57

unique

Question 58

If the swab turns pink ____ you have a positive result on the kastle-meyer test

Answer 58

immediately

Question 59

the oxygen during the K/M test is supplied by the

Answer 59

hydrogen peroxide

Question 60

Why is it necessary to type the victim's blood when investigating crime

Answer 60

the crime scene could just have the victim's blood (especially if both victim and evidence are the same blood type

Question 61

What is the result if both the victim and the suspect have the same blood type?

Answer 61

inconclusive