Serum Proteins and Diagnosis Flashcards
(30 cards)
What’s in Blood?
55% Plasma
45% Red blood cells
define Haematocrit?
the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
40‐54 % for men
37 – 47 % for women
Define Plasma?
cell-free liquid component
Define serum?
the cell‐free, clotting
factor‐free component.
Or the liquid component
after clotting has occurred
Name some cellular components of blood?
Red blood cells
White blood cells: Granulocytes, Monocytes, Lymphocytes
Platelets
What is plasma made up of?
Proteins Anions: Cl‐, HCO3‐, PO43‐ Cations: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Small molecules: glucose, amino acids (Gln, Ala), lactate, glycerol, urea, ketones
Name Transport function of plasma protein
Transport: Non specific transport protein - Serum albumin
Specific transport protein- eg cortisol biding
Function of plasma proteins:
Name examples of inflammatory response and control infection proteins?
Immunoglobulins “Complement” proteins- proteins that can be activated directly by pathogens or indirectly by pathogen-bound antibody to help fight infection
“Acute‐phase”
proteins. : are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase (positive acute-phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute-phase proteins) in response to inflammation
How is extracellular fluid controlled by plasma proteins?
Osmotic control
What is the body’s response to heamostasis? ( body’s response to blood vessel injury and bleeding)
clotting factors
Where is serum albumin synthesised?
liver
What is serum albumins molecular weight?
65 kDa 9 (kilo daltons)
What percentage of [serum protein] does serum albumin take up?
35 – 55 mg.mL‐1, approx 50 % of total [serum protein]
What is serum albumins secondary function?
colloid osmotic effect-
Oncotic pressure, or colloid osmotic pressure, is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel’s plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system.
Increased concentration increase osmotic pressure so water enters
How long is plasma half life?
~20 days
what is hypualbuminaemia?
low albumin so reduced osmotic pressure leads to oedema. Causes : ‐ chronic liver disease ‐ malnutrition (kwashiorkor) ‐ nephrotic syndrome ‐ dilution effects
Name other transport proteins in plasma?
Ligand Transport protein • Iron- Transferrin • Copper- Caeruloplasmin • Hormones - Thyroid hormone binding globulin Cortisol binding globulin Sex hormone binding globulin and many more • Lipids- Lipoproteins • Free haemoglobin- Haptoglobin
When ligands are bound to conjugate transporter do they have any biological activity?
no
What kind of immune response do infections give?
polyclonal
what type of Immunoglobulin does allergic reactions increase?
igE
During inflammation what do acute phase proteins do?
e.g. C‐reactive protein (CRP): binds to bacterial cell
walls to activate complement system
What determines blood volume of plasma proteins?
Blood volume ‐ concentration/dilution effects.
• Synthesis – liver and cells of the immune system.
• Catabolism – uptake and degradation of proteins by
cells.
• Loss – kidney, gut.
what is paraproteinaemia caused by?
multiple myeloma- this can lead to appearance of protein in blood
is the [cellular enzyme] in serum high or low?
low
