Session 1 - Schools of thought etc

Question 1

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes is called?

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

What are the 4 goals of psychology

Answer 2

1. Description
2. Understanding
3. Prediction
4. Control

Question 3

The examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes is known as?

Answer 3

Introspection

Question 4

A person highly trained in the methods, factual knowledge, and theories of psychology is known as?

Answer 4

A Psychologists

Question 5

A medical doctor with additional training in diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders is known as?

Answer 5

A psychiatrist

Question 6

A mental health professional (usually a medical doctor) trained to practice psychoanalysis is called a?

Answer 6

Psychoanalyst

Question 7

An advisor who specialises in helping people with problems not involving serious mental disorder is known as?

Answer 7

A counselor

Question 8

The idea that human and animal behaviour is the result of internal physical, chemical and biological processes is related to what type of study?

Answer 8

Biopsychology

Question 9

The idea that behaviour is influenced by ones social and cultural content belongs to which type of study?

Answer 9

Social psychology

Question 10

The idea that human and animal behaviour is the result of the process of evolution belongs to what type of study?

Answer 10

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 11

The study of the normal changes in behaviour that occur across the lifespan is known as what?

Answer 11

Developmental psychology

Question 12

Research looking into the interaction between society, culture, and human behaviour and social issues such as conformity and obedience is known as what?

Answer 12

Socio-Cultural Psychology

Question 13

Study of information processing, thinking, reasoning and problem solving and relying primarily on objective observation rather than subjective introspection is known as what?

Answer 13

Cognitive Psychology

Question 14

Which model believes that human behaviour and mental processes are strongly influenced by a combination of biological, physiological and social factors?

Answer 14

Biopsychosocial model

Question 15

What perspective seeks to explain behaviour in terms of biological principles such as evolution, genetics and brain processes?

Answer 15

Biological perspective

Question 16

Which perspective views behaviour as the result of psychological processes within each person?

Answer 16

Psychological perspective

Question 17

The study of thinking, learning and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts is known as?

Answer 17

Gestalt

Question 18

Which school of psychology considers behaviours in terms of active adaptations and regards consciousness as an ever-changing stream or flow of images and sensations?

Answer 18

Functionalism

Question 19

Which school of though studies sensations and personal experience analyzed as basic elements and tries to explore mental chemistry mostly using introspection?

Answer 19

Structuralism

Question 20

Which school of thought emphasises the study of observable actions over study of the mind by using objective observations and not subjective experience?

Answer 20

Behaviourism

Question 21

Which school of thought helped make psychology a natural science rather than a branch of philosophy?

Answer 21

Behaviourism as it stressed the study of observable behaviour

Question 22

Which approach rejects both introspection and any study of mental events, such as thinking, as inappropriate topics for scientific psychology?

Answer 22

Radical behaviourism

Question 23

Which school of thought emphasizes the exploration of unconscious, using free association, dream interpretation, resistances and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts?

Answer 23

Psychoanalysis

Question 24

When Neo-Freudians revised most of Freud’s work, they focused more on what aspects? (2)

Answer 24

social motives and relationships

Question 25

Which school of thought opposes others by stressing free will and our ability to make choices?

Answer 25

Humanistic

Question 26

The idea that behaviour is guided by ones self-image, by subjective perceptions of the world and by the need for personal growth is related to which school of thought?

Answer 26

Humanistic

Question 27

Who was in part credited for separating psychology into an independent study from philosophy by relying on scientific observation to investigat how sensations, images and feelings combine to make up personal experience?

Answer 27

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 28

Who was the main player in structuralism?

Answer 28

Edward Titchener

Question 29

Who was the first to advance the view of Gestalt psychology to help explain perceptual illusions?

Answer 29

Max Wertheimer

Question 30

Who wrote “Principles of Psychology” in 1890 helping to establish the field as a different discipline?

Answer 30

William James

Question 31

Who adapted the functionalism school and broadened psychology to include animal behaviour, religious experience, abnormal behaviour?

Answer 31

William James

Question 32

Who objected the study of the mind or conscious experience and believed introspection to be unscientific?

Answer 32

John B. Watson - Behaviorism

Question 33

Who adopted Ivan Pavlov’s concept of conditioning to explain behaviour?

Answer 33

John B. Watson

Question 34

Who studied simple behaviours under fully controlled conditions and created radical behaviourism?

Answer 34

B.F Skinner

Question 35

Who offered a positive view of human potential opposing other schools of thought?

Answer 35

Abraham Maslow

Question 36

Information gained from direct observation or experimentation is called?

Answer 36

Empirical evidence

Question 37

Increases in one variable, matched by increases in the other variable would be a?

Answer 37

Positive correlation

Question 38

increases in one variable, matched by decreases in the other variable would be a?

Answer 38

Negative correlation

Question 39

What are 2 disadvantages of naturalistic observation?

Answer 39

Observer effect: changes in subject’s behaviour caused by an awareness of being observed Observer bias: occurs when observers see what they expect to see or record only selected details

Question 40

The variable that is manipulated in research and is the suspected cause for behavioural differences is known as?

Answer 40

The independent variable

Question 41

Variables that are measured in research and demonstrate effects that independent variables have on behaviour are called?

Answer 41

Dependent variables

Question 42

Conditions that a researcher wants to prevent from affecting the outcomes of the experiment are called?

Answer 42

Extraneous variables

Question 43

In research, the group of participants exposed to all variables that the experimental group is exposed to EXCEPT the independent variable is called? what is the point of this group?

Answer 43

- Control group | - Provides a point of reference

Question 44

Motivation levels, weather or stress levels would be examples of what type of variable?

Answer 44

Confounding variable

Question 45

A tendency to notice and remember information that confirms our expectations is known as?

Answer 45

Confirmation bias

Question 46

An unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence is called?

Answer 46

Superstition

Question 47

Any unfounded “system” that resembles psychology and is NOT based on scientific testing is called?

Answer 47

Pseudo-psychology/Science

Question 48

What are 4 examples of pseudo-psychology?

Answer 48

Phrenology Palmistry Graphology Astrology

Question 49

A tendency to consider personal descriptions accurate if stated in general terms is known as?

Answer 49

The Barnum effect