Session 10

Question 1

What’s the incubation period?

Answer 1

The time between return from travel and when symptoms occur

Question 2

What’s the incubation period for malaria?

Answer 2

6 days

Question 3

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 3

Chills
Sweats
Dry cough
Splenomegaly
Nausea
Vomiting
Back pain
Fatigue 
Pain

Question 4

How do you treat Malaria??

Answer 4

Falciparum = quinine and doxycycline

Other = chloroquine with additional primaquine is there’s a reoccurrence

Question 5

What can be done for he prevention of malaria?

Answer 5

• asses risk of area
• bite prevention e.g repellent, adequate clothing, mets, chemoprophylaxis before travelling and use prophylaxis specific to region

Question 6

What causes salmonella?

Answer 6

Salmonella typhi
Salmonella paratyphi

• aerobic gram negative bacillus

Virulence

• low infectious dose
• survives gastric acid
• fimbriae adhere to epithelium over ideal lymphoid tissue (peyers patches) = RE system/blood
• reside within macrophages

Question 7

What are the signs and symptoms of enteric fever (typhoid)?

Answer 7

• bacteraemia
• incubation period 7-14 days
• fever, headache, abdominal discomfort, dry cough
• relative bradycardia
• complications e.g intestinal haemorrhage
• paratyphoid: generally milder

Question 8

How do you treat enteric fever?

Answer 8

Fluroquinolones may work but its multi drug resistant

Usually use IV ceftriaxone (a cephalosporin) or azithromycin (macrolide) for 7-14 days

Question 9

What prevention can be done for enteric fever?

Answer 9

• food and water hygiene precautions

- typhoid vaccine

Question 10

What investigations can be done for enteric fever?

Answer 10

• moderate anaemia
• lymphopaenia
• raised LFTs (transaminase and bilirubin)
• culture (blood/faeces/bone marrow)
• serology (antibody detection) not reliable

Question 11

What’s an example of a non typhoidal salmonella infection?

Answer 11

Food poisoning salmonella’s

Get diarrhoea, fever, vomiting, abdominal pain.

Question 12

What’s dengue fever?

Answer 12

An arbovirus, can get from sub and tropical regions.

First infection can be asymptomatic ranging to fully fledged dengue

Question 13

How can a second infection of dengue with a different serotype differ form the fist?

Answer 13

• children can get dengue haemorrhaging fever (affects organs and damage blood vessels)
• can get dengue shock syndrome

Question 14

What’s Ebola?

Answer 14

A viral haemorrhagic fever
Flu like illness with vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, confusion and rash.
Spreads by direct contact with body fluids