Session 11: Quantitative data analysis

Question 1

Explain these variables:

interval/ratio

ordinal

nominal

dichotomous

Question 2

Explain these terms:

mean

median

mode

dispersion

range

standard deviation

Pearson’s r

p-value

Answer 2

mean: The average of a set of numbers.

median: The middle value when numbers are arranged in order.

mode: The value that appears most often in a dataset.

dispersion: A general term for how spread out the data is.

range: The difference between the highest and lowest values.

standard deviation: A measure of how much values vary from the mean.

Pearson’s r: A statistic that shows the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

p-value: A value that tells you whether your results are statistically significant.

Question 3

type I vs. type II error

Answer 3

Type I: Rejecting the null hypothesis (H₀) when it is actually true (false positive).
Type II: Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false (false negative).