Session 2- Anatomy

Question 1

what is the larynx

Answer 1

Connects the pharynx and trachea and contains the voal cords

Question 2

What is the glottis

Answer 2

Vocal cords ad the aperture

Question 3

What supplies all intrinsic muscles

Answer 3

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 4

What is the sternal angle

Answer 4

The junction of the sternal manubrium and body

Question 5

What muscles are in each intercostal space

Answer 5

The external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles innervated by the intercostal nerves

Question 6

The external intercostal muscles

Answer 6

The fibres of these run downstairs and anteriorly from the interior margin of the rib above to superior margin of the rub

Responsible for about 30% of chest expansion during during quiet respiration

Question 7

Internal intercostal muscles

Answer 7

The fibres of these muscles run downwards and posteriorly from the rib above to rib below. Their action pulls the ribs down from the position of chest extension.

They are acute during forced expiration

Question 8

Innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 8

Similar to the internal intercostal muscle but are less well enveloped. They act along with the internal intercostal muscles during forced expiration

Question 9

What innervates the diaphragm

Answer 9

Phrenic nerve- C3 C4 C5

Question 10

What happens when you damage the phrenic nerve

Answer 10

Paralysis of the affected side of the diaphragm and appears as an elevated hemi-diaphragm on. Chest x-ray

Question 11

Where does the diaphragm have openings

IGNORE

Answer 11

IVC - T8
Oesophagus- T10
Aorta- T12

Question 12

What is the space in which the peripheral gutter around the outer edge of the diaphragm into which only the parietal pleura extends

Answer 12

Costco-diaphragmatic recess

Question 13

What is the pleural cavity

Answer 13

A potential space between th parietal and visceral pleura and contains a few ml of pleural fluid

Question 14

What is the difference between the right and left main bronchus

Answer 14

The right o e is wider shorter and more vertical hence i haled foreign bodies are most lie,y to lodge in the right main bronchus

Question 15

What is a bronchopulmonary segment

Answer 15

Area of lung supplied by a segmental bronchus and the accompanying segmental branch of the pulmonary artery. It is drained by a segmental pulmonary vein

Question 16

How many loves does the left lung have

Answer 16

2 separated by an oblique fissure

Question 17

How many loves does the right lung have

Answer 17

3 separated by oblique tissue and horizontal

Question 18

Where does apex of the lung extend

Answer 18

Above the level of the 1st rib into the root the neck

Question 19

Where does the base of the lung rest

Answer 19

Hemi-diaphragm

Question 20

What is the left lung adjacent to

Answer 20

Heart 
Aortic arch 
Descending aorta 
Oesophagus 
Several nerves

Question 21

What is the right lung adjacent to

Answer 21

SVC 
Azygous vein
Right trium 
Oesophagus 
Right phrenic nerve 
Vagus 
Sympathetic trunk

Question 22

Damage to left recurrent laryngeal nerv

Answer 22

Causes paralysis of intrinsic laryngeal muscle on affected side - vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness of voice

Question 23

What blood supply does the lung have

Answer 23

Bronchial arteries and pulmonary arteries

Question 24

What drains the lungs

Answer 24

Azygous vein into the SVC atrium

Question 25

Lymphatic drainage of lungs

Answer 25

Drain to the hilar nodes also known as the bronchopulmonary nodes

Question 26

Nerve supply of the lungs

Answer 26

vagus- parasympathetic, phrenic- motor and the sympathetic chain

Question 27

Where do you need to insert teh needle to perform a pleural tap

Answer 27

In the upper border of the rib to avoid causing injury to the neurovascular binder that runs in the costal groove along the lower border of the rib

Question 28

Where di you listen for the right lower lobe

Answer 28

Right posterior chest wall approximately below the scapula

Question 29

How would you describe the position of the loves of the lungs

Answer 29

The inferior loves of the lids are mostly poster structures while superior loves are mostly anterior. This is created by the obliques fissure angling downwards

Question 30

Where would you isyen for the middle lobe of the rigjt lung

Answer 30

Anterior inferior to teh nipple

Question 31

Describe the course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 31

Descends into the thorax winds around the arch of the aorta and travels back up to the larynx

Question 32

Outline the normal cough reflex

Answer 32

Deep inspiration Closure if glottis String contraction of the expiratory muscles while glottis remains closed Sudden opening of the glottis causes an explosive discharge of air

Question 33

Explain the anatomical basis for the symptom of muscle wasting in the right arm for advanced lun cancer

Answer 33

The apex of the lung extends up to 2cm above the clavicle therefore carcinoma there would affect the brachial plexus which included T1 which supples the intrinsic muscles of teh hand