Session 2: Classification

Question 1

What are extremophiles?

Answer 1

Organisms found in extreme conditions/climate

Question 2

What are the eight terms used to classify organisms and what is an acronym to remember?

Answer 2

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Acronym: Dope Kings Play Chess On Fine Gold Sets

Question 3

What are the three domains and the five kingdoms?

Answer 3

Domains: Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya.

Kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.

Question 4

Define Archaea.

Answer 4

Domain, unicellular, no membrane bound organelles, often extremophiles, plasma membrane made from ether (linked lipids), no peptidoglycan in cells.

Question 5

Define Eubacteria.

Answer 5

Domain, unicellular, no membrane bound organelles, plasma membrane made from phospholipid bilayer, peptidoglycan cell walls, “true” bacteria and cyanobacteria (photosynthetic).

Question 6

Define Eukarya.

Answer 6

Domain, unicellular or multicellular, membrane bound organelles, plasma membrane made from phospholipids, no pepitidoglycan in the cell walls of those eukaryotes that have cell walls.

Question 7

Define Monera.

Answer 7

Kingdom, prokaryotes (eubacteria and archaea), unicellular, no membrane bound organelles, autotrophs and heterotrophs

Question 8

Define Protista.

Answer 8

Kingdom, eukaryotes, unicellular or multicellular, generally aquatic, autotrophs and heterotrophs –> protozoans (animal-like), algae (plant-like), molds (fungi-like).

Question 9

Define Fungi.

Answer 9

Kingdom, eukaryotes, unicellular or multicellular, chitin cell wall, heterotrophs (external digestion, many are saprotrophs).

Question 10

Define Plantae.

Answer 10

Kingdom, eukaryotes, multicellular, cellulose cell walls, autotrophs, photosynthetic.

Question 11

Define Animalia.

Answer 11

Kingdom, eukaryotes, multicellular, no cell walls, heterotrophs, vertebrates and invertebrates.

Question 12

What are the plant divisions/phylum?

Answer 12

Bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta, and angiospermophyta.

Question 13

Define bryophyta.

Answer 13

phylum, no leaves, roots, or stems, no vascularisation, spores for reproduction, anchored by rhizads, example is mosses.

Question 14

Define filicinophyta.

Answer 14

phylum, Have leaves, roots, and/or stems, have vascularisation, spores for reproduction, leaves are pinnate, example is ferns.

Question 15

Define coniferophyta.

Answer 15

phylum, Have leaves, roots, and/or stems, have vascularisation, seeds (in cores) for reproduction, woody stems, conifers and pine trees are examples.

Question 16

Define angiospermophyta.

Answer 16

phylum, Have leaves, roots, and/or stems, have vascularisation, seeds (in fruits) for reproduction, have flowers and fruits, examples are flowers.

Question 17

What are the animal phylum?

Answer 17

Porifera, cnidaria, platyhelmintha, annelida, mollusca, anthropoda, and chordata.

Question 18

Define porifera.

Answer 18

phylum, asymmetrical, no body cavities (have pores), no segmentation, spicules for support, examples are sea sponges.

Question 19

What is segmentation?

Answer 19

The division of some parts into a series of repetitive segments.

Question 20

Define cnidaria.

Answer 20

phylum, Radial symmetry, mouth but no anus, no segmentation, stinging cells, examples are jellyfish and coral.

Question 21

Define platyhelmintha.

Answer 21

phylum, bilateral symmetry, mouth no anus, no segmentation, flattened body, examples are tapeworms.

Question 22

Define annelida.

Answer 22

phylum, bilateral symmetry, mouth and anus, segmented, move via peristalsis, examples are earthworms and leeches.

Question 23

Define mollusca.

Answer 23

phylum, bilateral symmetry, mouth and anus, non-visible segmentation (mantle and foot), may have a shell (made by mantle), examples are snails, octopi, and squid.

Question 24

Define anthropoda

Answer 24

phylum, bilateral symmetry, mouth and anus, segmented, exoskeleton (chitin), examples are insects, spiders, and crustaceans.

Question 25

Define chordata.

Answer 25

phylum, bilateral symmetry, mouth and anus, segmented, vertebrates, examples are most common animals you can think of.

Question 26

What are the chordata classes?

Answer 26

chondrichthyes (sharks and sting rays), osteichthyes (bony fish), amphibia (frogs, toads, salamanders), reptilia (turtles, snakes, lizards) aves (birds) mammalia (monotremes, marsupials, placentals).

Question 27

What is bilateral and radial symmetry?

Answer 27

Bilateral: opposite sides are similar (think butterfly) Radial: multiple sides of similarity (think starfish)

Question 28

What are the qualities of fish?

Answer 28

scales made of bony plates, external reproduction, gills to breathe, ectothermic temperature, have a swim bladder.

Question 29

What are the qualities of amphibians?

Answer 29

moist skin, external reproduction, breathe through lungs and skin, ectothermic temperature, larval state in water, adult on land.

Question 30

What are the qualities of reptiles?

Answer 30

scales made of keratin, internal reproduction (lays soft eggs), breathe through lungs with extensive folding, ectothermic temperature, simple teeth with no living tissue.

Question 31

What are the qualities of birds?

Answer 31

feathers, internal reproduction (lays hard eggs), breathes through lungs with bronchial tubes, endothermic temperature, have wings and beaks with no teeth.

Question 32

What are the qualities of mammals?

Answer 32

hair, internal reproduction (live births, except monotremes which lay eggs), breathe through lungs with alveoli, endothermic temperature, feed young with milk from mammary gland.

Question 33

Define endothermic and ectothermic.

Answer 33

Endothermic: use internally generated heat to maintain body temperature. Ectothermic: use external heat sources to maintain body temperature.