Session 28. Central Lines - Ultrasound

Question 1

frequency of wave

Answer 1

number of oscillations per second

Question 2

pulse echo principle

Answer 2

higher energy excited crystals in transducer to vibrate
(piezo electric effect)

Question 3

virbations emit

Answer 3

high frequency sound waves

Question 4

piezo electric crystals

Answer 4

transmit ultrasound wave
receive reflected back ultrasound waves

Question 5

ultrasound gel

Answer 5

improves image

Question 6

ultrasound waves are ______ transmitted thorough air/liquid

Answer 6

poorly

Question 7

liquids

Answer 7

anechoic (black)
low reflection

Question 8

dense structure

Answer 8

hyperechoic (white)
high reflection

Question 9

isoechoic

Answer 9

structures that exhibit the same brightness as its surrounding structures

Question 10

acoustic shadowing

Answer 10

hyperechoic structure not allowing any waves to pass so structure behind appears anechoic

Question 11

clean shadow

Answer 11

bone

Question 12

dirty shadow

Answer 12

gasses

Question 13

dirty shadow means the image is

Answer 13

blurry

Question 14

acoustic shadowing is depended on

Answer 14

density of hyperechoic structure

Question 15

acoustic window

Answer 15

when viewing anechoic structure (fluid filled), structures deep to them are enhanced secondary to wave progression through the fluid

Question 16

ultrasound indications

Answer 16

vascular access
nerve blocks
diagnosi

Question 17

ultrasound contraindications

Answer 17

none
practiioner lack of training could cause misdiagnosis

Question 18

high frequency probe

Answer 18

shallow penetration
great resolution

Question 19

types of high freq probes

Answer 19

linear/vascular
intracavity

Question 20

low freq prob

Answer 20

higher depth of penetration
lower resolution

Question 21

types of low freq probes

Answer 21

curvilinear
phased array

Question 22

linear probe

Answer 22

shallow structure
vessel cannulation

Question 23

most common probe

Answer 23

linear

Question 24

curve linear probe

Answer 24

deep structures
nerve blocks (TAP)
diagnoses

Question 25

2nd most common probe

Answer 25

curve linear

Question 26

intracavity probe

Answer 26

OBGYN colorectal

Question 27

phased array probe

Answer 27

deepest viewing diagnosis only

Question 28

resolution

Answer 28

image clarity how clearly you can differentiate 2 structure

Question 29

axial resolution

Answer 29

ability to discern 2 separate objects that are longitudinally adjacent to each other easy to change

Question 30

lateral resolution

Answer 30

ability to discern 2 separate objects that are adjacent to each other cannot change

Question 31

which resolution can you not change

Answer 31

lateral

Question 32

gain

Answer 32

overall brightness of image amplitude of signal

Question 33

turning up gain

Answer 33

image brighter more evident artifacts

Question 34

turning down gain

Answer 34

image darker

Question 35

what will you adjust for every pt

Answer 35

gain

Question 36

why do you adjust gain

Answer 36

each pt has a different body habitus w/different tissue density, volume status, etc

Question 37

doppler/color flow

Answer 37

characterizes flow of fluid inferred by frequency changes

Question 38

moving towards probe

Answer 38

frequency increasing red

Question 39

moving away from probe

Answer 39

frequency decreasing blue

Question 40

Fd (doppler freq shift equation)

Answer 40

Fd = Ft-Fr Fd= 2Ft(V/c)Cos(theta)

Question 41

depth

Answer 41

adjusts frequency

Question 42

to see deeper you need _____ frequency

Answer 42

lower frequency

Question 43

lower frequency _____ resolution

Answer 43

decreases resolution

Question 44

what depth should you start with

Answer 44

depth + 1

Question 45

time gain compensation

Answer 45

modifying the gain in particular fields of depth

Question 46

probe notch

Answer 46

corresponds to indicator in screen to ensure consistent laterality

Question 47

needle will look like ______ on ultrasound

Answer 47

hyperechoic line

Question 48

where should you aim your needle insertion when using ultratound

Answer 48

1 cm behind probe at the center line

Question 49

how can you differentiate artery and vein on ultrasound

Answer 49

vein will collapse w/pressure artery will pulse

Question 50

what do nerves look like under ultrasound

Answer 50

hyperechoic bundle of grapes

Question 51

what does a clot look like under ultrasound

Answer 51

hyperechoic region inside vein