Session 3 - CQ Strategy (Metacognition)

Question 1

Our Brain

Answer 1

Prefrontal Cortex
Thinking brain, responsible for solving complex problems, making decisions

Limbic System
Old brain, responsible for baisc emotions and drives -> hunger
-> under threat, high level of uncertainity, very powerfull reactions

Amygdala
responsible for survival and the fight or flight response

Question 2

System A vs System C

Answer 2

System A: Automatic
* fast
* effortless
* out of voluntary control
* heuristics & short cut

System C: Controlled
* Slow
* Deliberate
* influenced by choice
* deep thinking / anlaysis

Question 3

Metacognition
3 main aspects

Answer 3

Planning
taking time to prepare for a cross-cultuural encounter - anticipating how to approach people, topic and situation

Awareness
being in tune with what’s going on in ourselves and others

Checking
monitoirng our interactions to see if our plans and ecpecations were appropriate

Question 4

TRIGGER–THINKING–FEEDBACK LOOP

Answer 4

atuomatic reactions to experience
Trigger -> Thought -> Feeling

Question 5

INATTENTIONAL BLINDNESS

Answer 5

How people can focus so hard on something that they become blind to the unexpected, and develops inattentional blindness

Question 6

Stereotyping bias

Answer 6

“they are al the same”
* Tendency to see outgroup members as more similar to one another than we see
ingroup members.
* Tendency to stereotype outgroup members by thinking that every one of the them is
the same.
* cause us to look for only waht we experct
* overlook information that is unique to the individual

Question 7

fixed vs growth mindset

Answer 7

growth Mindset
belief that we are born with a set of qualities
-> I can learn anything I want to.
When I’m frustrated, I persevere.
I want to challenge myself.
When I fail, I learn.
Tell me I try hard.
If you succeed, I’m inspired.
My effort and attitude determine
everything.

fixed Mindset
belief that with effort an practice, they can master anything and be good at it
-> I’m either good at it, or I’m not.
When I’m frustrated, I give up.
I don’t like to be challenged.
When I fail, I’m no good.
Tell me I’m smart.
If you succeed, I feel threatened.
My abilities determine everything

Question 8

Biases

Answer 8

1. Ingroup bias
2. Outgroup bias
3. Confirmation bias
4. Avaibility bias
5. Halo effect
6. False Consensus Effect
7. Fundamental Attribution Error
8. Illusion of Transparency
9. Affective Forecasting
10. Sunk cost

Question 9

Ingroup bias

Answer 9

Perceiving people who are similiar to yout more positively. (We can trust her, her hometown is near mine)

Question 10

Outgroup bias

Answer 10

Perceiving people who are different from you more negatively. (We can’t trust him, look where he grew up.)

Question 11

Confirmation bias

Answer 11

Seeking and finding evidence that confirms your beliefs and ignoring evidece that does not. (I trust only one news channel)

Question 12

Availability Bias

Answer 12

Making a decsion based on the information that comes to mind most quickly, rather than on more objective evidence. (I’m not worreid about hear disease, but I live in fear of shark attects because I saw one the news.)

Question 13

Halo Effect

Answer 13

Letting someone’s positive qualites in one are influence overall perception of that indivdual. (He may not know much about people, but he’s a great engineer, let’s but hin in charge of the team)

Question 14

False Consensus Effect

Answer 14

Overestimating the unsiversality of your own beliefts, habits and opinions. (Of course I hate broccoli, doesn’t everyone)

Question 15

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 15

Believing that your own errors or failure are dur to external circumstances, but other’s errors are due to intrinsic factor like character. (I made a mistake because I was having a bad day, you made a mistake because you’re not very smart.)

Question 16

Illusion of Transparency

Answer 16

Overestimating the degree to which your mental state is accessible to others. (Everyone in the room could see what I was thinking, I didn’t have to say it.

Question 17

Affective Forecasting

Answer 17

Judging your future emotional states based on how you feel know. (I feel miserable about it, and I alwys will)

Question 18

Sunk Cost

Answer 18

Having a hard time giving up on someting (a strategy, an employee, a process) after investing time, money or training even though the investment can’t be recovered. (I’m not shutting this project down, we’d lose evverything we’ve invested in it)

Question 19

Microaggressions Defintion

Answer 19

“brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative (racial) slights and insults toward people

Question 20

Taxnomy of microaggressions

Answer 20

1. Microassaults (often conscious):
   Conscious and intentional actions or slurs, such as using racial epithets, displaying swastikas or deliberately serving a white person before a person of color in a restaurant. [name calling e.g. Chinese virus, CCP virus]
2. Microinsults (often unconscious)
   Verbal and nonverbal communications that subtly convey rudeness and insensitivity and demean a person’s racial heritage or identity. An example is an employee who asks a colleague of color how she got her job, implying she may have landed it through an affirmative action or quota system
3. Microinvalidations (often unconscious)
   Communications that subtly exclude, negate or nullify the thoughts, feelings or experiential reality of a person of color. Asian-Americans where they were born, conveying the message that they are perpetual foreigners in their own land.

Question 21

Stereotypes, Discrimination, Prejudice

Answer 21

Stereotypes -> Beliefs, Perceptions
Prejudice -> negative feelings
Discrimination -> negative actions

CQ Planning
Think ahead of potential cultural differences in situation

CQ Awareness
Directs our prefrontal cortex to notice when another trigger happens, Directs our prefrontal cortex to notice our feelings, label and dampen our limbic system

CQ Checking
Slows down automatic thinking,
1. Are my thoughts accurate?
2. Is this the best way?
3. Does this help or hurt?
4. What else can I do?

Question 22

ACCEPT that we are biased

Answer 22

1. We are mental misers
2. Our mind creates categories
3. Our brain creates images that are familiar

Question 23

LABEL biases

Answer 23

1. Know the Biases
2. Know Triggers to Biases
3. Practise Mindfulness - Notice Your Thoughts
   and Look Out for “Phrases”

Question 24

MITIGATE biases

Answer 24

1. Acknowledge the Biases (if you/someone has been
   “micro-aggressed”)
2. Be an ally to those “micro-aggressed” and foster
   opportunities for change

Question 25

Bias Reduction & Contact Theory

Answer 25

Intergroup contact hypothesis posits that a variety of conditions in intergroup
programs are necessary for bias reduction
1. intergroup co-operation in activities
2. equal statues within group
3. supportive norms for the group
4. friendship potential
5. communication (intergroup dialogue)

Question 26

Mindfulness definition

Answer 26

The state of being attentive to,
the present moment,
without judgment.

-> can help you to work smarter, Dealing better with thoughts

Question 27

Mindfulness how?

Answer 27

-> Metacognitive skills (beyond thinking) for managing concentration
-> Manage experiences (thoughts, feelings, events)