Session 4

Question 1

What are the basic components of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

• Cerebral hemispheres
• Brainstem and cerebellum
• Spinal cord

Question 2

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

• Dorsal and ventral roots
• Spinal nerves
• Peripheral nerves

Question 3

What forms the myelin sheath in the CNS and PNS?

Answer 3

• Oligodendrocyte in the CNS

- Schwaan cells in the PNS

Question 4

How does the CNS and PNS regenerate?

Answer 4

• PNS regenraate by wallerian regeneration

- CNS does not regenerate

Question 5

The PNS is more sophisticated than the CNS. True/False

Answer 5

False. The CNS is more sophisticated

Question 6

What are the immune mechanism in the PNS and CNS?

Answer 6

• The PNS has the peripheral immune responses
• The CNS has the microglia cells which help it fight pathogens. It isn’t affected by the rest of the immune system as fluid build up in the small space is harmful

Question 7

Which portion of the brain is the dorsal?

Answer 7

The superior part of the hemisphere

Question 8

Which portion of the brain is the ventral?

Answer 8

The inferior part of the hemisphere

Question 9

What does the midbrain control?

Answer 9

• Eye movements

- Reflex responses to sound and vision

Question 10

What does the pons of the brain control?

Answer 10

• Feeding

- Sleep

Question 11

What does the medulla of the brain control?

Answer 11

• Cardiovascular and respiratory centres of the brain

- Contains a major motor pathway called the medullary pyramids

Question 12

How is the body controlled by the brain?

Answer 12

Contralateral side of the brain control the body

Left side of the cortex control the right side of the body

Question 13

What is an important sulcus and what are the structures lieing anterior and posterior to it?

Answer 13

Central sulcus

• Precentral gyrus - control of motor function
• Post central gyrus - control somatosensory functions

Question 14

What is gyrus?

Answer 14

A ridge or a fold in the brain

Question 15

What is a fissure?

Answer 15

A large crack or split between adjacent area of the brain

Question 16

What is a sulcus?

Answer 16

A groove or furrow in the bread separating adjacent gyri

Question 17

What is the purpose of the frontal lobe?

Answer 17

• Higher cognition
• Motor function
• Speech

Question 18

What is the purpose of the parietal lobe?

Answer 18

• Sensation

- Spatial awareness

Question 19

What is the purpose of the temporal lobe?

Answer 19

• Memory
• Smell
• Hearing

Question 20

What is the purpose of the occipital lobe?

Answer 20

Vision

Question 21

What is the purpose of the cerebellum?

Answer 21

• Co-ordination

- Motor learning

Question 22

What is the optic chiasm?

Answer 22

-A site where fibres in then visual system cross over

Question 23

What is the clinical significance of the uncus?

Answer 23

-Part of the temporal lobe that can herniate compressing the midbrain

Question 24

What are the medullary pyramids?

Answer 24

-Location of descending motor fibres

Question 25

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 25

-Fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 26

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 26

-Sensory relay station projecting to sensory cortex

Question 27

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 27

-Essential centre for homeostasis

Question 28

Where is the common site of atherosclerosis in the common carotid artery?

Answer 28

Near the bifurcation of the arteries into the external and internal carotid artery

Question 29

How can an atheleorscelrotic plaque in the internal carotid artery cause transient vision loss?

Answer 29

Ophthalmic artery is given of the internal carotid artery which result in vision loss due to lack of blood supply

Question 30

What do the ventricles in the brain appear as in a CT scan?

Answer 30

-Appears black

Question 31

Damage to the right cerebellum results in what on which side of the body?

Answer 31

• Right side
• Loss of sensory function
• Loss of motor function