Session 7 - Blood Borne Infections Flashcards
(17 cards)
Which enzyme does HIV have that allows it to use RNA as its genetic material?
Reverse Transcritpase
Which specific cells does HIV replicate inside of?
CD4 T-cells
Give some signs and symptoms of acute HIV infection
- fever + weight loss
- rash
- myalgia
- nausea + vomiting
- enlarge spleen and liver
What conditions are associated with HIV?
- Meningitis
- TB
- Hear disease and strokes
- Osteoporosis
- Cold sores and ulcers
How can HIV be transmitted?
- Sexual transmission: Vaginal, oral or anal
- Sharing injecting equipment
- vertical transmission
- Medical procedures: blood products, skin grafts, organ donation
What factors may affect the transmission of HIV?
- Type of exposure
- Viral Level
- Other STI’s
- Condom use
- if there are breaks in the skin of mucosa
Give some blood tests which are used to diagnose HIV.
What are the issues associated with each type
- HIV antigen or antibody
Only +ve if infected for 4-6 weeks, hence potential false -ves - Rapid blood tests
May get false +ves, very accurate for negatives. If positive needs confirmation
At one incidence should everybody in a population be tested for HIV?
> 2/1000
All people with which conditions should be tested for HIV?
- Bacterial pneumonia or TB
- Aseptic Meningitis
- Anal Cancer
- STI’s, Hep B + C
What are the aims of HIV treatment?
- Make HIV viral load undetectable
- Reconstitute immune system
- Give a good quality of life with good lifespan
- Reduce the risk of transmission
How many drugs should be prescribed simultaneously for HIV?
3
Give the different types of drugs we give for HIV.
- Non / nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
- Entry inhibitors
How is Hep B transmitted?
- vertical transmission
- IV drug users
- Sexual contact
- Long term close household contacts
- HCP via needle stick injuries
Give some symptoms of Hep B.
- Jaundice
- Fatigue
- Ab pain
- Anorexia, nausea + vomiting
- Arthralgia
If someone has had a past cleared infection what will their serology findings be?
- No surface antigen
- Will have core antibody (IgG)
- Will have surface antibody
If someone has never had Hep B but has had the vaccine what will their serology findings be?
- No surface antigen
- No core antibody
- Surface antibody will be present
How would we treat someone with a chronic Hep B infection?
- NO CURE
- life-long anti-virals to suppress viral replication
