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Musculoskeletal System > Session 8 - The hip joint > Flashcards

Session 8 - The hip joint Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of the hip joint?

A
  • Support the body weight on standing

- Joins the lower limb to the pelvic girdle

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2
Q

What are the articulations of the hip joint?

A

-Acetablum with head of femur

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3
Q

Which parts of the hip joint are covered in articular cartilage?

A

-Both head of femur and acetabulum

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4
Q

At what point do the pubis, ischium and ilium fuse?

A

-15 to 25 years

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5
Q

What stabilises the three hip bones before fusion?

A

-Triradiate cartilage

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6
Q

Where is the acetabular notch?

A

-The inferior margin of the acetabulum which is incomplete

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7
Q

What is the acetabular labrum and what is its function?

A
  • Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the margin of acetabulum
  • Increased articular contact which increases stability
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8
Q

What is the transverse acetabular ligament and what is its function?

A

-fibrous continuation of the labrum which crosses the acetabular notch (leaves a small gap for vessels) to strengthen the joint inferiorly

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9
Q

What is the joint capsule?

A

-Fibrous coating lined with synovium surrounding the joint which attaches anteriorly at the intertrochanteric line and finishes proximally to intertrochanteric crest

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10
Q

What is the function og the joint capsule and he ligaments of the hip?

A

-Increase strength and stability

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11
Q

What are the two groups of ligaments of the hip joint?

A

-Intracapsular and extracapsular

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12
Q

Name the intracapsular ligament and its anatomical location

A
  • Ligament of head of femur

- Runs from acetabular fossa to fovea capitis

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13
Q

How does ligament of head of femur effect movement?

A

-Limits abduction

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14
Q

What is significant about the ligament of head of femur?

A

-Encloses a small branch of the obturator artery (small portion of bloodflow)

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15
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments

A
  • Iliofemoral
  • Pubofemoral
  • Ischiofemoral
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16
Q

Describe the anatomical location of the iliofemoral ligament

A
  • Located anteriorly

- Runs from ilium, inferior to ASIS, to intertrochanteric line

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17
Q

What is the function of iliofemoral ligament?

A
  • Strongest ligament
  • Protects hip joint anteriorly and superiorly
  • Prevents hyperextension
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18
Q

Describe the anatomical location of the pubofemoral ligament

A
  • Located anterioinferiorly

- Attached atiliopubic eminence and blends with capsule

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19
Q

What is the function of pubofemoral ligament?

A
  • Protects anteriorly and inferiorly

- Prevents excessive aBduction and extension

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20
Q

Describe the anatomical location of the ischiofemoral ligament

A
  • Located posteriorly

- Originates from ischium and attaches to greater trochanter

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21
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A
  • Protects posteriorly

- Prevents excessive extension of the hip

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22
Q

Which is the weakest of the 3 extracapsular hip joint ligaments?

A

-Ischiofemoral

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23
Q

Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the hip?

A

-Iliopsoas
-Rectus femoris
-Sartorius
(-Pectineus
-Adductor magnus)

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24
Q

What nerve serves the hip flexors?

A

-Femoral nerve

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25
Which muscle makes the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
-Sartorius
26
What artery serves the hip flexors?
-Medial and Lateral circumflex
27
What type of joint is the hip joint?
-Synovial ball and socket joint
28
Which muscles are responsible for hip aDduction?
- Adductor brevis - Adductor longus - Adductor magnus - Pectineus - Obturator externus - Gracilis
29
Whst nerve supplies the hip ADductors?
-Obturator nerve
30
What artery predominantly serves the hip aDductors? What is the exception?
- Obturator artery | - Pectineus (medial circumflex)
31
Which muscles are responsible for hip extension?
- Gluteus maximus - Long head biceps femoris - Semimembranosus - Semitendinosus
32
What arteries serve the hip extensors?
- Glut. max. = superior and inferior gluteal artery | - Biceps, semimembranosus and semitendinosus = perforating arteries
33
What nerve serves glut max?
-Inferior gluteal nerve
34
What nerve innervates the hamstrings?
-Tibial
35
Which muscles are responsible for hip ABduction?
-Gluteus medius -Gluteus minimus -Tensor fascia lata (Deep Gluteal muscles except quadratus femoris)
36
What nerve/artery serves glut med and glut min?
-Superior gluteal nerve/artery
37
What muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the hip?
- Piriformis - Gemelli superior - Obturator Internus - Gemelli inferior - Obturator externus - Quadratur femoris
38
What does nerve of quadratus femoris innervate?
- Quadratus femoris | - Gemelli inferior
39
What does nerve of obturator internus innervate?
- Obturator internus | - Gemelli superior
40
What innervates piriformis?
-Sacral plexus
41
What is the main arterial supply to the hip?
-Lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries from deep femoral artery
42
What is the minor blood supply to the hip?
-Branch of obturator artery in ligament head of femur
43
Is the obturator blood supply to the hip enough to supply the hip if the circumflex arteries are damaged?
-No, avascular necrosis would occur
44
How is the circumflex artery located in the hip joint?
-Anastomose around the femoral neck to form a ring, with smaller branches arising to supply the joint
45
What is hip dysplasia?
- Abnormal growth causing in-exact articulations with head of femur, predisposing to dislocations due to abnormal pressures running through the hip - Spectrum of severity
46
What is a slipped upper femoral epiphysis?
-Fracture through epiphyseal growth plate, causing the remaining femur to ride up and forward in relation to epiphysis
47
Are hip diclocations common?
-No, the joint is highly stable
48
What is the most frequent cause of a hip dislocation and in which direction does it occur and why?
- RTA | - Posteriorly ->Head of femur tears through inferior and posterior part of joint capsule as this is the weakest point
49
If a hip id posteriorly dislocated, how will it look anatomically?
-Shortened and medially rotated
50
Damage to what major nerve can occur during hip dislocations? What would be the consequence of this?
- Sciatic nerve | - Paralysis of hamstrings and muscles distal to the knee
51
Where does the femur most commonly fracture?
-Neck
52
Who do intracapsular neck of femur fractures commonly occur in?
-The elderly
53
What are the two types of neck of femur fracture?
- Intracapsular | - Extracapsular
54
Who do extracapsular neck of femur fractures most commonly effect?
-Young/middle-aged
55
Which type of neck of femur fracture has a higher risk of avascular necrosis?
-Intracapsular
56
What is the main cause of intracapsular neck of femur fractures?
-Minor trip/stumble
57
What blood supply is disrupted in an intracapsular neck of femur fracture?
-Lateral and medial circumflex arteries
58
In a extracapsular neck of femur fracture, how does the limb look anatomically?
- Shortened | - Externally rotated
59
What determines treatment in neck of femur fracture?
-Age and health of the patient determines whether a replacement is needed
60
How are extracapsulr neck of femur fractures usually treated?
-With a dynamic hip screw
61
What is arthritis?
- Inflammation in the synovium of joint resulting in damage to cartilage - Pain from inflammation
62
-What is osteoarthritis?
- Wear of the articular cartilage which leads to secondary changes in the underlying bone - Pain from mechanical grinding
63
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
- Autoimmune condition where the joint cartilage is destroyed - Inflammatory pain then mechanical pain
64
What are the bursa of the hip?
- Iliopsoas - Trochanteric - Gluteus medius - Ischiogluteal
65
What is the largest bursa of the hip and where is it?
-Trochanteric bursa between the greater trochanter and gluteus maximus
66
Why is bursitis of the iliopsoas bursa significant?
-It may present as a swelling below the iguinal ligament and thus is a differential diagnosis of a femoral hernia
67
What is a common cause of inflammation of the ischiogluteal bursa?
-Prolonged sitting eg biking
68
When does bursitis cause pain?
-On movement and application of direct pressure

Musculoskeletal System (34 decks)

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