Session 9 - Ischaemic heart disease Flashcards
(35 cards)
Name the 4 systems found in the thorax region which can lead to chest pain
- Respiratory system
- Cardiac
- MSK
- Gastro-intestinal
Name 2 conditions in which the respiratory system is affected thus causing chest pain
- Pneumonia
- Pulmonary Embolism
What are the symptoms of pneumonia?
- shortness of breath
- cough
- sputum
- fever
What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolism ?
Plueritic pain (pain coming from pleura due to irritation)
- sharp
- localised
- aggravated by breathing and coughing
Name 3 conditions in which the cardiac system is affected thus causing chest pain
- myocardial infarction (ischaemic chest pain)
- stable/unstable angina (ischaemic chest pain)
- pericarditis
Is pericarditis an ischaemic or non ischaemic chest pain?
Non-Ischaemic chest pain
What are the sign and symptoms of Pericarditis?
Plueritic pain
- sharp
- localised
- aggravated by breathing, coughing or laying flat
- eased with sitting up and leaning forward
- pericardial rub heard on auscultation ( rustling noise over normal lub dub sound)
Name 1 condition in which the gastro-intestinal system is affected thus causing chest pain
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
What are the symptoms of Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?
- heart burn
- regurgitation
- pain aggravated by food and laying flat in bed
Name 2 conditions in which the MSK system is affected thus causing chest pain?
- Fracture of the ribs
- costochondritis
Chest pain can either be cardiac (ischaemic) or pleuritic.
what are the features of a cardiac chest pain?
- dull pain
- poorly localised
- worsened with exertion
Chest pain can either be cardiac or pleuritic.
What are the features of a pleuritic chest pain?
- sharp pain
- well localised
- aggravated by breathing, coughing or positional movement
What is pericarditis?
Inflammation of the pericardium (sac around the heart/0
Causes of pericarditis
- Viral infection (most common)
- TB
- Autoimmune disorders
- Cancer
- Chest trauma
- After an MI
What is the defining feature on an ECG for pericarditis ?
Saddle shaped ST segment elevation
What is the pathophysiology of ischaemic heart disease ?
Atherosclerosis
What are the modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?
- smoking
- hypertension
- dyslipidaemia
- diabetes
- obesity
- sedentary lifestyle
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis ?
- advanced age
- family history of early ischaemic heart disease
- male sex
What are the typical presentations of stable angina?
- cardiac sounding chest pain
- relieved by rest
- aggravated on exertion e.g exercise
When does heart tissue ischaemia occur?
only when metabolic demands of cardiac muscle are greater than what can be delivered via coronary arteries e.g on exertion
Name the two conditions in which causes ischaemic heart disease make up the acute coronary syndrome
- Unstable angina
- MI (STEMI/NSTEMI)
What are the typical presentations of unstable angina?
- pain occurring at rest
- pain may be more intense
- pain may last longer
What are the ECG changes in an individual with unstable angina?
- ST depression
- T wave inversion
What are the blood test results for an individual with unstable angina?
Troponin T & I negative
