Set 1 Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
Which road users are most likely to be injured in the event of a collision?
A
Pedestrians, cyclists, horse riders, motorcyclists. (MOST VULNERABLE: children/elderly/disabled)
2
Q
At a junction, what are the rules regarding giving way to pedestrians?
A
You SHOULD give way to pedestrians crossing/waiting to cross a road into which or from you are turning.
3
Q
You arrive at a zebra crossing, when should you give way to pedestrians?
A
When pedestrians are on, or waiting at, a zebra crossing
4
Q
You arrive at a parallel crossing, when should you give way?
A
To pedestrians and cyclists on/waiting to cross
5
Q
Who can use the pavement?
A
Only pedestrians (including wheelchairs and motility scooters).
6
Q
What parts of the road can pedestrians use?
A
The pavement or any part of the road - if no pavement, keep to the right-hand side of the road so you can see oncoming traffic.
Cycle tracks can be used too (unless prohibited signs are in situ).
7
Q
If you want to turn left into a junction, what should you do if their is a cyclist/horse rider coming along to your left?
A
Wait for the cyclist to pass the junction before turning. You should stop and wait for a safe gap in the flow of cyclists if necessary.
8
Q
What are the rules for zebra crossings?
A
Marked by flashing beacons.
Drivers should give way to pedestrians waiting to cross and MUST give way to pedestrians already on the crossing.
9
Q
What are the rules for pelican crossings? (describe the phases)
A
Signal-controlled crossings operated by pedestrians. They have a red figure, steady green and flashing green figure phase.
10
Q
What is the difference between puffin and pelican crossings?
A
Puffin crossings have red/green figures above the control box on your side of the road, no flashing green figure phase.
11
Q
What are the rules for toucan crossings?
A
Light-controlled crossings which allow cyclists + pedestrians to share space at the same time. Push-button operated.
12
Q
What are equestrian crossings?
A
For horse riders. They have pavement barriers, wider crossing spaces.
13
Q
Who must you report to if you have any health condition which is likely to affect your driving?
A
The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA)
14
Q
How should you minimise your risk of being tired whilst driving which increases chance of collisions?
A
Make sure you are fit to drive, don’t begin a journey if you are tired. Get sleep before long journeys.
Avoid long journeys between midnight/6am - natural alertness is minimum
Take sufficient breaks
15
Q
How many breaks should you take whilst driving to ensure safe alertness?
A
at least 15 minutes after every 2 hours
16
Q
What should you do if you feel sleepy whilst driving?
A
Stop in a safe place. Don’t stop on the hard shoulder/emergency area of a motorway.
17
Q
What vision requirements must you meet before driving?
A
To read a vehicle number plate in good daylight, from a distance of 20 metres/ 20.5 metres for old style number plates.
If needed you must wear glasses/contact lenses.
18
Q
What can the police do if they question your vision capability?
A
Require the driver to undergo an eyesight test.
19
Q
What should you do if you are dazzled by bright sunlight?
A
slow down/ stop if necessary
20
Q
What methods should you not use to normally improve vision at night/in poor visibility?
A
tinted glasses/lenses or visors
21
Q
What are the breath/blood alcohol levels in England and Wales which you must not surpass in order to be legal to drive?
A
A level higher than 35 microgrammes/100 millilitres of breath
A blood alcohol level of 80 milligrammes/100 millilitres
22
Q
What are the breath/blood alcohol levels in Scotland which you must not surpass in order to be legal to drive?
A
A level higher than 22 microgrammes/100 millilitres of breath
A blood alcohol level of 50 milligrammes/100 millilitres
23
Q
How will alcohol affect a driver?
A
Give a false sense of confidence
Reduce co-ordination/slow reactions
Affect judgement of speed,distance, risk
Reduce driving ability, even below legal limit
24
Q
How long after consuming alcohol does it take for you to regain full concentration?
A
Alcohol takes time to leave the body, you many unfit to drive in the evening if having drank at lunchtime or in the morning after drinking the previous evening
25
What must you do before setting off?
Have a valid driving license/insurance to the vehicle you intend to use
Check your vehicle is roadworthy/legal
Have planned your route/allowed sufficient time for breaks/delays
Have sufficient fuel
Understand controls of the car
Are wearing suitable clothing which don't prevent you from using the controls in the correct manner
Adjust mirrors/seat properly
26
Why should you adjust your head restraint?
To reduce neck/spine injuries in a collision
27
Why should you adjust your mirrors and seat?
To ensure comfort, full control and maximum control
28
What is recommended that you have in your car for emergency use?
A mobile containing emergency contacts
High-visibility clothing
29
Who must use a seatbelt?
Adults, and children aged 14 years and over must use a seat belt/ child restraint. Exemptions include those with medical conditions (with certified certificate), or those making deliveries/collections in goods vehicles when travelling less than 50 metres.
30
A child under the age of 3 is in the front and rear seat of the car. What are the rules regarding their seat belt/child restraint?Who is responsible?
IN FRONT - must wear child restraint
IN REAR - must wear child restraint (unless not available in taxi)
Driver is responsible
31
A child from 3 years old to 1.35 metres/12th birthday is in the front and rear seat of the car. What are the rules regarding their seat belt/child restraint?Who is responsible?
IN FRONT - must wear child restraint
IN REAR - must wear child restraint or adult belt if correct restraint isn't available
Driver is responsible
32
A child over 1.35 metres/12 or 13 years old is in the front and rear seat of the car. What are the rules regarding their seat belt/child restraint?Who is responsible?
IN FRONT - must wear seat belt if available
IN REAR - must wear seat belt if available
Driver is responsible
33
An adult passenger aged 14 years or older is in the front and rear seat of the car. What are the rules regarding their seat belt/child restraint?Who is responsible?
IN FRONT - must wear seat belt if available
IN REAR - must wear seat belt if available
Passenger is responsible
34
What are the ways in which drivers should keep children safe?
Children should enter the vehicle through the door nearest the kerb
Child restraints in place that are properly fitted to manufacturer's instructions
Don't seat them behind the rear seats in an estate/hatchback, unless a child seat has been fitted
Child safety door locks, where fitted, must be used
Children should be kept under control
35
What are the ways in which drivers should keep children safe?
Children should enter the vehicle through the door nearest the kerb
Child restraints in place that are properly fitted to manufacturer's instructions
Don't seat them behind the rear seats in an estate/hatchback, unless a child seat has been fitted
Child safety door locks, where fitted, must be used
Children should be kept under control
36
What are signals used for?
To warn/inform other road users of your intended actions
- give clear signals in plenty of time
- make sure they aren't confusing (if stopping after a junction, wait until you are passing it before signalling)
(Signalling doesn't give priority)
37
When should you use signals?
To advise others before changing direction, stopping or moving off
38
When should a driver use arm signals?
To emphasise/reinforce your signal if necessary.
39
Which types of people's signal's MUST you obey?
Police officers, traffic officers, traffic wardens and signs by school crossings.
40
How will the police attract your attention and tell you to stop?
flashing blue lights, headlights OR siren/horn (usually from behind)
directing you to pull over by pointing and/or using indicator
YOU MUST pull over and stop as soon as it is safe to do so. Switch off your engine.
41
Who else, other than the police, have powers to stop vehicles on all roads? How do they signal you to stop?
Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency Officers
flash amber lights from either:
- THE FRONT - asking to follow them to a safe place to stop
- BEHIND - pointing or using indicator
42
When can traffic officers have the power to stop vehicles? How do they do it?
On most motorways and some 'A' class roads in England/Wales.
If in uniform, they flash amber lights, usually from behind. Point and/or indicate
43
When should you flash your headlights?
To notify other road users of your presence
(don't flash to invite others to proceed - use own judgement)
44
When may you use your horn?
Only while the vehicle is moving to warn others of your presence. Never sound aggressively.
NEVER sound:
- when stationary
- driving in built-up areas between 11:30pm and 7:00am
EXCEPT when another road user poses a danger
45
What lights must you ensure are lit between sunset and sunrise?
Sidelights + rear registration plate lights
Use headlights at night (except where street lights are present)
NIGHT = 1/2 hour after sunset and 1/2 hour before sunrise
46
What lights should you use when visibility is seriously reduced?
headlights
47
When should you use front/rear fog lights?
Only when visibility is seriously reduced. You MUST switch them off when visibility improves to avoid dazzling others
48
What should you do in stationary traffic (lights)?
apply parking brake and, once traffic has stopped behind, take foot off the footbrake to deactivate break lights (minimising glare for others)
49
When should you used dipped headlights?
at night inbuilt-up areas/ dull daytime weather
keep dipped when overtaking until you are level with the other vehicle, then change to main beam if necessary
50
What should you do if dazzled by oncoming headlights?
slow down/stop in safe place if necessary
51
When may you use hazard warning lights?
When a vehicle is stationary to warn its temporarily obstructing traffic
When a vehicle is moving/being towed ONLY when on a motorway/unrestricted dual carriageway to warn drivers of an obstruction ahead.
ONLY use long enough to ensure your warning has been observed.
52
In normal circumstances, how is the safest way to brake?
early and lightly. Brake more firmly as you begin to stop. Ease pressure off just before the vehicle comes to rest (to avoid jerky stop)
53
How should you brake in an emergency?
Brake immediately. Try to avoid braking harshly (causing you to lock your wheels).
54
What can locked wheels lead to?
loss of control
55
How is skidding usually caused?
By the driver braking, accelerating or steering too harshly/ driving too fast for the road conditions.
56
How should you deal with a skid?
Releasing the brake pedal fully/ easing off the accelerator
Turn the wheel in the direction of the skid.
57
What do ABS do?
ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
If fitted, follow the vehicle handbook
But, if in emergency, apply footbrake firmly, don't remove footbrake until desired speed is acquired.
ABS should ensure steering control is retained
Don't assume vehicles with ABS have a shorter stopping distance
58
How should you deal with brakes affected by water?
If driven through deep water, brakes will be less effective.
Test them at the first safe opportunity by pushing gently on the brake pedal to make sure they work.
If not fully effective, gently apply light pressure while driving slowly to dry them out.
59
What is coasting?
A vehicle travelling in neutral/ with clutch pressed down. It can reduce driver control.
60
How does coasting reduce driver control?
- Engine braking is eliminated
- Vehicle speed downhill with increase quickly
- increased use of the footbrake can reduce effectiveness
- steering response will be effected - especially on bends/corners
- might be more difficult to select the appropriate gear when needed
61
How should you leave a vehicle stationary to help protect the environment?
DON'T leave engine running if parked unattended/ unnecessarily.
If vehicle is likely to remain stationary for more than 2 mins, apply parking brake and switch off engine (reduce emissions/ noise pollution)
You can leave running if in traffic/for diagnosing faults.
62
What is the speed limit for cars/motorcycles in built-up areas?
30mph
63
What is the speed limit for cars/motorcycles on single-carriageways?
60mph
64
What is the speed limit for cars/motorcycles on dual-carriageways?
70mph
65
What is the speed limit for cars/motorcycles on motorways?
70mph
66
What is the speed limit for cars towing caravans/trailers in built-up areas?
30mph
67
What is the speed limit for cars towing caravans/trailers on single-carriageways?
50mph
68
What is the speed limit for cars towing caravans/trailers on dual-carriageways?
60mph
69
What is the speed limit for cars towing caravans/trailers on motorways?
60mph
70
What is the speed limit for motorhomes (not exceeding 3.05 tonnes) in built-up areas?
30mph
71
What is the speed limit for motorhomes (not exceeding 3.05 tonnes) on single-carriageways?
60mph
72
What is the speed limit for motorhomes (not exceeding 3.05 tonnes) on dual-carriageways?
70mph
73
What is the speed limit for motorhomes (not exceeding 3.05 tonnes) on motorways?
70mph
74
What is the speed limit for motorhomes (exceeding 3.05 tonnes) in built-up areas?
30mph
75
What is the speed limit for motorhomes (exceeding 3.05 tonnes) on single-carriageways?
50mph
76
What is the speed limit for motorhomes (exceeding 3.05 tonnes) on dual-carriageways?
60mph
77
What is the speed limit for motorhomes (exceeding 3.05 tonnes) on motorways?
70mph
78
What is the speed limit for buses, coaches, minibuses in built-up areas?
30mph
79
What is the speed limit for buses, coaches, minibuses on single-carriageways?
50mph
80
What is the speed limit for buses, coaches, minibuses on dual-carriageways?
60mph
81
What is the speed limit for buses, coaches, minibuses on motorways?
70mph
82
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (not exceeding 7.5 tonnes) in built-up areas?
30mph
83
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (not exceeding 7.5 tonnes) on single-carriageways?
50mph
84
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (not exceeding 7.5 tonnes) on dual-carriageways?
60mph
85
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (not exceeding 7.5 tonnes) on motorways?
70mph
86
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes) in built-up areas? (ENGLAND/WALES)
30mph
87
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes) on single-carriageways? (ENGLAND/WALES)
50mph
88
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes) on dual-carriageways? (ENGLAND/WALES)
60mph
89
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes) on motorways? (ENGLAND/WALES)
60mph
90
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes) in built-up areas? (SCOTLAND)
30mph
91
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes) on single-carriageways? (SCOTLAND)
40mph
92
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes) on dual-carriageways? (SCOTLAND)
50mph
93
What is the speed limit for goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes) on motorways? (SCOTLAND)
60mph
94
What speed limit generally applies to roads with street lighting (unless otherwise signed)?
30mph
95
What locally set speed limits may apply?
20mph - some built-up areas
50mph - single-carriageways with known hazards
96
Who are speed limits enforced by?
police
97
When should you always reduce your speed?
- road layout presents hazards - bends
- sharing road with pedestrians/cyclists/horse-riders
- weather conditions make it safer to do so
- driving at night (more difficult to see others)
98
What time gap should you leave in dry conditions?
2 seconds
99
What time gap should you leave in wet conditions?
4 seconds
100
What time gap should you leave in icy conditions?
10 seconds
101
What vehicles need a greater stopping distance?
large vehicles/motorcycles
102
If you have to stop in a tunnel what distance (m) should you leave?
5 metres
103
What is tailgating?
where the gap between you and the vehicle in front is too small for you to be able to safely stop if the vehicle in front suddenly stops
(dangerous, intimidating, can cause collisions)
Enforced by the police
104
What does a broken white line mark?
Centre of a road.
105
What does it mean when the broken white line in the centre of the road lengthens?
there is a hazard ahead
106
When are you allowed to cross a double white line/solid white line in the central reservation?
Only if safe and need to enter adjoining premises/side roads.
IF CLEAR, to pass stationary vehicles/ overtake cyclist/ horse/ road maintenance vehicle (travelling at less than 10 mph)
107
What are areas of white diagonal stripes/chevrons painted on the road for?
To separate traffic/ protect traffic turning right.
- If border is broken - only enter if necessary/safe
- If solid - only enter in an EMERGENCY
108
What is the overall stopping distance when travelling at 20mph?
12 metres
109
What is the overall stopping distance when travelling at 30mph?
23 metres
110
What is the overall stopping distance when travelling at 40mph?
36 metres
111
What is the overall stopping distance when travelling at 50mph?
53 metres
112
What is the overall stopping distance when travelling at 60mph?
73 metres
113
What is the overall stopping distance when travelling at 70mph?
96 metres
114
What do white road studs indicate?
mark lanes/middle of road
115
What do red road studs indicate?
left edge of the road
116
What do amber road studs indicate?
central reservation of dual-carriageway/motorway
117
What do green road studs indicate?
edge of main carriageway by slip-roads/lay-bys
118
What do green/yellow road studs indicate?
temporary adjustments to lane layouts (roadworks)
119
When is merging in turn recommended/not recommended?
RECOMMENDED = safe/appropriate, vehicles travelling at low speed (approaching road works/ traffic incident)
NOT RECOMMENDED = high speed
120
What are the lane rules on a single-carriageway?
(for 3 lanes, no priority)
- use middle lane only for overtaking/turning right
- don't use right-hand lane
121
What are the lane rules on a dual-carriageway?
(central reservation to separate the carriageways)
- use right-hand lane for overtaking/turning right
- after overtaking move back over to the left
- when they have 3 or more lanes, use middle lanes/right-hand lane for overtaking but move back over to middle lanes then left-hand lane when safe
122
What are climbing/crawler lanes?
Provided on some hills. Use if you are driving a slow-moving vehicle/or if vehicles behind you are wishing to overtake.
123
What are the rules for cycle lanes (with/without solid white line)?
You MUST NOT drive/park in those marked with SOLID white line during operation times
You SHOULD NOT drive/park in those marked with broken white line unless unavoidable
You MUST NOT park in any cycle lane whilst waiting restrictions apply.
You should give way to cyclists in a cycle lane(including when they are approaching behind you - don't cut across/change lanes). Be prepared to stop for a safe gap in flow of cyclists if turning into a side road.
124
Are cyclists obliged to use cycle lanes?
NO
125
What are the caveats to bus lanes if not stated otherwise?
You may stop, unload, load in bus lanes if not prohibited.
126
Which vehicles may be permitted to use designated lanes?
cycles, buses, taxis, licensed private hire vehicles, motorcycles, heavy goods vehicles, high occupancy vehicles.
127
Where HOV lanes are in operation, they must only be used by which types of vehicles?
- vehicles containing at least the minimum number of people indicated on signs
- any other vehicles (i.e. buses/motorcycles) as indicated on signs prior to start of the lane irrespective of number of occupants.
128
What are the rules for one-way streets?
Traffic MUST travel in direction indicated by signs. Buses and/or cycles may have a contraflow lane. Choose correct lane for your exit as soon as possible. Unless signs state otherwise:
- left-hand lane = turn left
- right-hand lane = turn right
129
What should you be especially aware of at junctions?
road users emerging
130
What should you look out for on country lanes/side roads?
unmarked junctions where nobody has priority
131
If pedestrians are looking the other way, what should you assume they are going to do?
step out into the road without seeing you.
132
What distractions should you avoid whilst driving?
loud music (this may mask other sounds)
trying to read maps
starting/adjusting music/radio
arguing with passengers/road users
eating/drinking
smoking
133
What are the rules for smoking in England/Wales?
the driver must not smoke/allow anyone to smoke in an enclosed private vehicle carrying an under 18 year old
134
What are the rules for smoking in Scotland?
It's an offence for anyone aged 18 or older to smoke in a private motor vehicle, unless parked + being used as living accommodation, where there is an under 18 present.
135
What are the rules for mobile phones?
You MUST NOT use hand-held phone/ similar device capable of interactive communication for any purpose whilst driving. This applies when the capability is turned off too.
You MUST NOT pick up a device to dial a number and then put in a cradle for the duration of the conversation.
You MUST NOT use whilst in stationary traffic.
EXCEPTION: to call 999 or 112 in a genuine emergency when it's unsafe to stop. For contactless payments at contactless payment terminal (vehicle must be stationary).
136
What in-vehicle systems can cause distraction?
satellite navigation, PCs, multi-media, etc.
You MUST exercise proper control of your vehicle at all times.
Don't rely on parking assistance.
137
Who is responsible for the vehicle if a driver assistance system is used?
You, the driver
138
What should you do in slow-moving traffic (why)?
- reduce distance between you and the vehicle in front to maintain traffic flow
- never get too close to vehicle in front that you can't stop safely
- leave enough space to be able to manoeuvre if the vehicle in front breaks down/ emergency vehicle needs to get past
- don't change lanes to left to overtake
- allow access in and out of side roads, avoids congestion
- allow pedestrians/cyclists to cross in front of you
- be aware of cyclists/motorcyclists who may pass on either side
139
How should you drive in residential streets? What should you look out for?
slowly/calmly. Likely to be pedestrians, cyclists, parked cars.
Look out for:
- vehicles emerging from junctions/driveways
- vehicles moving off
- car doors opening
- pedestrians
- children running out from parked cars
- cyclists/motorcyclists
140
What are traffic calming measures?
road humps, chicanes, narrowings - intend you to slow down
When approaching reduce your speed. Maintain a slow speed throughout. You shouldn't overtake other moving road users in these areas.
141
On single track roads when should you give way?
road users coming uphill.
If necessary reverse to reach a passing place.
Slow down to pass cyclists, pedestrians, horse riders
142
What should passing places on single track roads not be used for?
Parking
143
What types of vehicles must not be used on roads, bridleways, footpaths or pavements? Why?
They don't meet construction/technical requirements for road vehicles and aren't suitable/legal.
These include:
- most miniature motorcycles
- motorised scooters
144
What will keeping well left of right hand bends do?
improve your view of the road, help avoid colliding with opposing traffic
145
What should you do before reaching a long downhill to control your speed?
Select a lower gear
146
How will towing affect your vehicle?
extra length will affect manoeuvring/overtaking
extra weight will affect braking/acceleration
147
What should you make sure of before overtaking?
the road is sufficiently clear ahead
road users aren't overtaking you
there is a suitable gap in front of the road user you plan to overtake
148
Why shouldn't you follow a vehicle overtaking in front?
there may only be room for one vehicle
149
When is the only time you can overtake on the left?
When the vehicle in front
150
When is the only time you can overtake on the left?
When the vehicle in front is signalling to turn right
When queueing traffic is moving slower on your right
151
How much room should you give cyclists up to 30mph when overtaking?
at least 1.5 metres. Give more when travelling faster
152
How much room should you give horse-riders/horse-drawn vehicles under 10 mph when overtaking?
at least 2 metres
153
How much room should you give pedestrians walking in the road when overtaking?
at least 2 metres
154
What should you do if you intend to overtake a large vehicle?
Drop back to gain visibility of the road ahead + to allow the driver in front to see you in their mirrors
Make sure you have enough room to complete the manoeuvre - if in doubt don't overtake
155
When MUST you NOT overtake?
- if you would have to straddle/cross double white lines (solid nearest you)
- if you would have to enter an area designated to divide traffic surrounded by sloid white line
- a vehicle closest to a pedestrian crossing
- if you would have to enter a lane designated for buses/trams/cycles during hours of operation
- after a NO OVERTAKING sign, until it has been cancelled
- If in doubt (i.e. can't see far enough ahead)
- approaching a corner/bend, hump bridge, brow of a hill
- where you might come into conflict with other road users (i.e. approaching crossroads, narrowing road, school crossing, crossings, where vehicle in front is lowing for pedestrians, between kerb and bus stopped, queueing traffic, if it would force another driver to swerve/slow down, vehicle signalling right, a horse rider approaching a roundabout/turning and you intend to turn left, tram stopped kerbside and no distinctive lane for other traffic is visible).
156
When should you give way to pedestrians are junctions?
when they are crossing or waiting to cross a road into which or from you are turning
157
What should you do before turning onto a dual carriageway?
check the central reservation is wide enough to protect the full length of your vehicle.
158
When can you enter a box junction?
When your exit road is clear
159
You are at a signalled roundabout with a box junction, when may you enter?
Only when you can cross completely without stopping
160
What should you do if the central reservation is too shallow for your vehicle to inhibit when crossing a dual carriageway?
Wait until you can cross both carriageways in one go
