Set 1

Question 1

What are the three main layers of the skin, from outermost to innermost?

Answer 1

Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous (Fatty) Layer

Question 2

Which layer of the epidermis is only found on thick skin (palms/soles) and is associated with fingerprints?

Answer 2

Stratum lucidum

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is the outermost “horny layer,” where desquamation occurs?

Answer 3

Stratum corneum

Question 4

Where are melanocytes primarily located, and what do they do?

Answer 4

In the stratum basale (basal layer); they produce melanin for skin color

Question 5

Which layer of the skin is vascular, provides elasticity, and contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and blood vessels?

Answer 5

The dermis

Question 6

Which layer of the skin is composed mostly of adipose tissue and helps with insulation?

Answer 6

Subcutaneous (fatty) layer

Question 7

Name the acronym for the main functions of the skin.

Answer 7

SHEAPS – Sensation, Heat Regulation, Excretion, Absorption, Protection, Secretion

Question 8

Which skin function detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature?

Answer 8

Sensation

Question 9

How does the skin regulate heat (thermoregulation)?

Answer 9

Via vasoconstriction/vasodilation, sweating, and insulation from adipose tissue

Question 10

Describe Excretion as a skin function.

Answer 10

Eliminates toxins and impurities through sweat and natural cell turnover

Question 11

What is meant by transdermal absorption?

Answer 11

Penetration of substances through the skin

Question 12

How does the skin act as a protective barrier?

Answer 12

By preventing pathogen entry, aiding wound healing, and supporting immune responses

Question 13

Which layer of the skin is avascular and relies on diffusion from the dermis for nutrients?

Answer 13

The epidermis

Question 14

What is the acid mantle?

Answer 14

A slightly acidic film on the skin’s surface that helps protect against pathogens

Question 15

Which process describes living cells becoming keratin‐filled and eventually shedding?

Answer 15

Keratinization (leading to desquamation)

Question 16

Name four types of mechanoreceptors in the skin.

Answer 16

Merkel cells, Meissner’s corpuscles, Ruffini’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles

Question 17

Which receptors detect pain?

Answer 17

Nociceptors

Question 18

Which receptors detect temperature changes (hot/cold)?

Answer 18

Thermoreceptors (including Krause end bulbs, specialized nerve endings)

Question 19

Which receptors sense body position and movement?

Answer 19

Proprioceptors

Question 20

List the main skin appendages.

Answer 20

Hair follicles, sweat glands, nails

Question 21

What is the first stage of wound healing?

Answer 21

Hemostasis (blood clotting to stop bleeding)

Question 22

What percentage of facial aging is attributed to photoaging (UV exposure)?

Answer 22

Approximately 80%

Question 23

What is intrinsic aging?

Answer 23

Natural aging due to genetics and hormonal changes

Question 24

How does Vitamin A benefit the skin?

Answer 24

It aids cell turnover, offers some UV protection, and slows visible aging

Question 25

How long does nail regrowth typically take?

Answer 25

4–6 months

Question 26

Define a macule.

Answer 26

A flat, discolored area on the skin (e.g., a freckle)

Question 27

What is a papule?

Answer 27

A small, solid elevation less than 0.5 cm

Question 28

Describe a nodule.

Answer 28

A larger, deeper solid lesion (0.5–1 cm), such as a deeper mole

Question 29

What is considered a tumor (skin lesion)?

Answer 29

A solid mass greater than 1 cm (e.g., some carcinomas)

Question 30

Define a plaque.

Answer 30

A flat, elevated surface lesion (e.g., seen in psoriasis or thrush)

Question 31

What is a wheal?

Answer 31

A transient edematous lesion often seen in allergic reactions (hives)

Question 32

Differentiate a vesicle from a bulla.

Answer 32

Both are fluid‐filled blisters; a vesicle is under 0.5 cm, a bulla is over 0.5 cm

Question 33

What is a pustule?

Answer 33

A pus‐filled lesion, often seen in acne

Question 34

Give examples of secondary skin lesions.

Answer 34

Scales, crust, fissure, ulcer, scar, atrophy

Question 35

What are scales?

Answer 35

Flakes of the stratum corneum, as in psoriasis

Question 36

Define crust.

Answer 36

Dried exudate on the skin’s surface (e.g., impetigo)

Question 37

What is a fissure?

Answer 37

A linear crack in the skin that can extend into the dermis

Question 38

Describe an ulcer.

Answer 38

A loss of epidermis (and possibly deeper tissue), such as a pressure sore

Question 39

How does a scar form?

Answer 39

Excess collagen replaces normal tissue after injury

Question 40

What is atrophy in skin terms?

Answer 40

Thinning or loss of tissue, for example from disuse or aging

Question 41

Outline the progression of an acne lesion from healthy pore to pustule.

Answer 41

Healthy pore → Whitehead (closed comedo) → Blackhead (open comedo) → Papule → Pustule

Question 42

Why do blackheads appear black?

Answer 42

The sebum and debris oxidize upon exposure to air

Question 43

Is squeezing pimples recommended to speed healing?

Answer 43

No—this can worsen inflammation, push bacteria deeper, and increase scarring

Question 44

What does ABCDE stand for in melanoma detection?

Answer 44

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving

Question 45

Give a warning sign regarding the diameter of a mole.

Answer 45

Larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser) may be suspicious

Question 46

Why is “E” (Evolving) important in melanoma detection?

Answer 46

Changes in size, shape, or color can indicate malignancy

Question 47

Are blackheads caused by dirt?

Answer 47

Myth—blackheads result from oxidized sebum and dead skin cells

Question 48

Does poor diet directly cause acne?

Answer 48

There’s no direct proven link; however, a high‐glycemic or unbalanced diet can aggravate breakouts

Question 49

Can stress exacerbate acne?

Answer 49

Yes—stress hormones can increase oil production and worsen breakouts

Question 50

What is the hereditary component in acne?

Answer 50

Genetics can influence oil production, pore structure, and acne susceptibility

Question 51

Under a Wood’s Lamp, what does a bluish color typically indicate?

Answer 51

Normal, healthy skin

Question 52

What does white fluorescence under a Wood’s Lamp suggest?

Answer 52

Thick skin, lint, or surface debris

Question 53

Which Wood’s Lamp color indicates oily skin?

Answer 53

Yellow

Question 54

Which Wood’s Lamp color indicates dry or dehydrated skin?

Answer 54

Purple

Question 55

What does a bright blue‐white color under Wood’s Lamp indicate?

Answer 55

Hypopigmentation

Question 56

Which Wood’s Lamp color suggests hyperpigmentation?

Answer 56

Brown

Question 57

What does blue‐green fluorescence under Wood’s Lamp mean?

Answer 57

Possible fungal or bacterial infection

Question 58

Under Wood’s Lamp, white/gray on the scalp may indicate what?

Answer 58

Head lice

Question 59

Name one typical concern mapped to the forehead region.

Answer 59

Congestion, breakouts, dehydration, or horizontal lines

Question 60

What does Chinese face mapping associate forehead breakouts with?

Answer 60

Stress, water intake, or digestion issues

Question 61

What is Dermalogica Pre‐Cleanse used for?

Answer 61

Removing oil‐based makeup, sebum, sunscreen, and pollutants

Question 62

Name two key oils in Dermalogica Pre‐Cleanse.

Answer 62

Borage Seed Oil, Apricot Kernel Oil, Kukui Nut Oil

Question 63

Which cleanser is recommended for dry to very dry skin?

Answer 63

Dermalogica Intensive Moisture Cleanser

Question 64

What are the main benefits of Dermalogica Active Moist?

Answer 64

Lightweight hydration, oil control, and improved texture

Question 65

Which moisturizer is known for smoothing lines and providing antioxidant protection?

Answer 65

Dermalogica Skin Smoothing Cream

Question 66

What is Dermalogica Invisible Physical Defense SPF30, and what is its main ingredient?

Answer 66

A physical sunscreen featuring Ultra Sheer Zinc Oxide

Question 67

Which cleanser is sulfate‐free and calms redness?

Answer 67

Dermalogica Ultra Calming Cleanser

Question 68

What is Dermalogica Multi‐Active Toner’s primary function?

Answer 68

It helps even out porosity and preps the skin for moisturizer

Question 69

Which Dermalogica exfoliant is a gentle daily rice‐based powder?

Answer 69

Daily Microfoliant

Question 70

Which product is known as a thermal exfoliant for aging skin?

Answer 70

Dermalogica Multivitamin Thermafoliant

Question 71

What is Dermalogica Daily Milkfoliant formulated for?

Answer 71

Gentle exfoliation suitable for all skin types, including sensitive

Question 72

Name one key ingredient that soothes dryness/irritation in the Clinical Oatmeal Masque.

Answer 72

Colloidal Oatmeal

Question 73

Which Dermalogica masque is nicknamed “ambulance in a tube” for aging or stressed skin?

Answer 73

Multivitamin Power Recovery Masque

Question 74

Which product defends against UV, visible light, and pollution while boosting luminosity?

Answer 74

Dermalogica Prisma Protect SPF30

Question 75

Why is Micellar Prebiotic Pre‐Cleanse beneficial for all skin conditions?

Answer 75

It lifts impurities and supports a balanced microbiome

Question 76

Which moisturizer is recommended for oily/acne‐prone skin?

Answer 76

Dermalogica Active Moist

Question 77

List the steps for Barbicide tool disinfection.

Answer 77

Preparation (wear protective gear, gather tools)

Question 78

What is the correct ratio of Barbicide to water?

Answer 78

2 oz Barbicide concentrate to 32 oz water

Question 79

How long should tools soak in Barbicide to disinfect?

Answer 79

10 minutes

Question 80

What is the purpose of a double cleanse in facial treatments?

Answer 80

The first cleanse removes surface debris/makeup; the second thoroughly cleanses the skin

Question 81

Summarize the recommended cleansing process for eyes and lips.

Answer 81

Eye cleanse: downward, outward, then underneath; Lip cleanse: corner to center

Question 82

Explain “Sponge Aerobics” in a facial cleansing routine.

Answer 82

Moving sponges to different rinse bowls to remove product without cross‐contamination

Question 83

What is face mapping used for during a facial?

Answer 83

To analyze each facial zone and identify specific conditions

Question 84

When is exfoliant typically applied in a facial?

Answer 84

After pre‐cleanse/cleanse and before steaming or warm towels

Question 85

During the masque step, what extra service is often provided?

Answer 85

A hand/arm massage for relaxation

Question 86

What are the four main European massage techniques?

Answer 86

Effleurage (gliding), Petrissage (kneading), Tapotement (tapping), Friction (deep circles)

Question 87

Define Effleurage.

Answer 87

Light, gliding massage strokes to warm and relax tissues

Question 88

Define Petrissage.

Answer 88

Kneading or rolling the muscles to improve circulation and detoxification

Question 89

Define Tapotement.

Answer 89

Percussive or tapping motions that stimulate the skin and muscles

Question 90

Define Friction in massage.

Answer 90

Deeper circular or back‐and‐forth pressure to break adhesions and increase circulation

Question 91

Why is it important to apply SPF at the end of a facial?

Answer 91

To protect freshly treated skin from UV damage

Question 92

Name three common contraindications for facial treatments.

Answer 92

Uncontrolled diabetes, active cancer, severe heart problems (among others)

Question 93

Why is strong perfume discouraged for estheticians during treatments?

Answer 93

It can irritate sensitive clients and disrupt the relaxing environment

Question 94

How does human touch benefit a client in massage therapy?

Answer 94

It reduces stress, may lessen pain, fosters connection, and can boost immune function

Question 95

When should sunscreen be applied relative to sun exposure?

Answer 95

About 15 minutes before going into the sun

Question 96

Which mask type is ideal for oily, acne‐prone skin?

Answer 96

Clay masks (they absorb excess oil and help clarify)

Question 97

Mnemonic for the functions of the skin?

Answer 97

SHEAPS

Question 98

'S' in SHEAPS?

Answer 98

Sensation

Question 99

'H' in SHEAPS?

Answer 99

Heat Regulation (Thermoregulation)

Question 100

'E' in SHEAPS (first one)?

Answer 100

Excretion

Question 101

'A' in SHEAPS?

Answer 101

Absorption (Transdermal Penetration)

Question 102

'P' in SHEAPS?

Answer 102

Protection

Question 103

'E' in SHEAPS (second one)?

Answer 103

Excretion

Question 104

'S' in SHEAPS(2nd one)?

Answer 104

Secretion