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9618 Computer Science Advanced Theory > Set 2 (Comms and Security) > Flashcards

Set 2 (Comms and Security) Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Define HTTP

A

hypertext transfer protocol

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2
Q

Define Segment (transport layer)

A

This is a unit of data (packet) associated with the transport layer protocols

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3
Q

Define FTP

A

File transfer protocol

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4
Q

Define SMTP

A

Simple mail transfer protocol

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5
Q

Define push protocol

A

Protocol used when sending emails, in which the client opens the connection to the server and keeps the connection active all the time, then uploads new email to the server

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6
Q

Define binary file

A

a file that doesn’t contain text only. The file is machine-readable but non human-readable

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7
Q

Define MIME

A

Multi purpose internet mail extension. A protocol that allows email attachments containing media files as well as text to be sent

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8
Q

Define pull protocol

A

used when receiving emails, in which the client periodically connects to a server, checks for and downloads new emails from a server and then closes the connection

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9
Q

Define Host to Host

A

a protocol used by TCP when communicating between two devices

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10
Q

Define host

A

A computer or device that can communicate with other computers or devices on a network

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11
Q

Define BitTorrent

A

Protocol used in peer-to-peer networks when sharing files between peers

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12
Q

Define Peer

A

A client who is part of a peer-to-peer network/file sharing community

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13
Q

Define metadata

A

a set of data that describes and gives information about other data

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14
Q

Define pieces

A

Splitting up of a file when using peer-to-peer file sharing

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15
Q

Define tracker

A

A central server that stores details of all other computers on the swarm

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16
Q

Define Seed

A

a peer that has downloaded a file (or pieces of a file) and has then made it available to other peers in the swarm

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17
Q

Define Swarm

A

Connected peers (clients) that share a torrent/tracker

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18
Q

Define leech

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A

A peer with negative feedback from swarm

19
Q

Define lurker

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A

user/client that downloads files but does not supply any new content to the community

20
Q

What are the 4 stages of the TCP/IP protocol

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A

4) Application layer
3) Transport Layer
2) Internet (network) Layer
1) Link Network

(Sending going from 4 –> 1)

21
Q

The TCP/IP protocol suite has four layers. The application layer provides user services. What are some protocols

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A
  • HTTP(S) : For sending and receiving web pages / hypertext documents
  • FTP : For sending and receiving files over network
  • SMTP : For sending/uploading email/push protocols
  • POP : For receiving/downloading emails/pull protocols
22
Q

Describe the purpose of asymmetric key cryptography

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A
  • To provide better security by using two different keys / a public key and a private key
  • One of the keys is used to encrypt the message and the matching key is used to decrypt the message
23
Q

What are the benefits of quantum cryptography

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A
  • Provides security based on laws of physics rather than mathematical algorithms so more secure
  • To protect the security of the data transmitted over fibre optic cables
  • Virtually unhackable
  • The performance of quantum cryptography is continuously improved, making it suitable for most valuable government/industrial secrets.
  • Longer keys can be used
24
Q

What are the drawbacks of quantum cryptography

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A
  • Lacks many vital features such as digital signature, certified mail, etc.
  • High cost of purchasing / maintaining equipment required.
  • Currently only works over relatively short distances.
  • Error rates are relatively high as technology is still being developed.
  • Polarisation of light can change during transmission.
  • Allows criminals and terrorists to hide their communications.
25
Explain the application layer in TCP/IP
- Contains all the programs that exchange data such as web browsers or server software - This layer allows the application to access the services used in other layers and also define the protocols that any app uses to allow the exchange of data
26
Define HTTP(S)
- Hyper text transfer protocol; this is a protocol responsible for correct transfer of files that make up web pages on the world wide web - Used when eg fetching an HTML document from a web server
27
Define SMTP
simple mail transfer protocol; this handles the sending of emails
28
Define POP3/4
post office protocol; this handles the receiving of emails
29
Define IMAP
internet message access protocol; this handles the receiving of emails
30
Define DNS
domain name service; protocol used to find the IP address, for example, when sending emails translating domain names into a specific IP address so that the initiating client can load the requested Internet resources
31
Define FTP
file transfer protocol; this is a protocol used when transferring messages and attachments
32
Define RIP
routing information protocol; this is the protocol routers use to exchange routing information over an IP network
33
Define SNMP
simple network management protocol; protocol used when exchanging network management information between network management and network devices (such as routers, servers and other network devices)
34
Describe the Internet/network layer
- The internet layer identifies the intended network and host. The common protocol is IP (internet protocol). - It transmits packets to the link / physical layer - It routes the packets independently through the optimum route - It addresses packets with their source and destination IP address - It then uses an IP address and port number to form a socket
35
Describe the Ethernet protocols
- Destination - Source - Ethernet Type / Length - Actual message - Frame Check
36
Describe the transport layer
- The transport layer regulates the network connections; this is where data is broken up into packets which are then sent to the internet/network layer (IP protocol). - It sequences the packets and adds a packet header - It sends the packets to the internet layer - it controls the flow of packets - it handles packet loss/corruption
37
What is meant by a private key
- Unpublished key never transmitted anywhere - It has a matching public key - It is used to decrypt data that was encrypted with its matching public key
38
Describe the process of asymmetric encryption.
- The message to be sent is encrypted using the recipient’s public key. // The message to be sent is encrypted using the sender’s private key. - The message is decrypted using the recipient’s private key. // The message is decrypted using the sender’s public key.
39
Explain how a digital signature is used to verify a message when it is received
- The message together with the digital signature is decrypted using the receiver's private key - The digital signature received is decrypted with the sender's public key to recover the message digested sent - The decrypted message received is hashed with the agreed hashing algorithm to reproduce the message digest of the message received - The two message digests are compared - If both digests are the same the message has not been altered
40
Explain the process by which an organisation may acquire its digital certificate.
- The organisation requests a certificate from a Certificate Authority (CA) - The organisation may send their public key to CA - The organisation gathers all the information required by the CA in order to obtain their certificate, which includes information to prove their identity - The CA verifies the organisation’s identity - The CA generates / issues the certificate including the organisation’s public key (and other information).
41
Explain why protocols are needed
- Protocols set a standard for communication - Protocols enable communication/compatibility between devices from different manufacturers/platforms - If two devices were sending messages to each other but using different protocols, they would not be able to communicate properly
42
What are the reasons for using key cryptography.
To ensure the message is authentic // came from a trusted source - To ensure that only the intended receiver is able to understand the message - To ensure the message has not been altered during transmission - Non-repudiation, neither the sender or receiver can deny the transmission occurred
43
Explain how the digital signature can be checked on receipt to ensure that the message has not been altered during transmission.
- The message together with the digital signature is decrypted using the receiver’s private key - The digital signature received is decrypted with the sender’s public key to recover the message digest sent
44

9618 Computer Science Advanced Theory (3 decks)

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