set 3

Question 1

condition in which a solution contains the maximum amount of solute that may be dissolved

Answer 1

saturation

Question 2

physical state in which solvation and crystallization occur at the same rate

Answer 2

solution equilibrium

Question 3

substance dissolved in a solution

Answer 3

solute

Question 4

general term for the process of dissolving

Answer 4

solvation

Question 5

process of dissolving a solute in water

Answer 5

hydration

Question 6

formation of ions when a molecular compound dissolves

Answer 6

ionization

Question 7

dissolving medium of a solution

Answer 7

solvent

Question 8

formation of ions when an ionic compound dissolves

Answer 8

dissociation

Question 9

measure of how much solute will dissolve in a solvent

Answer 9

solubility

Question 10

if any of the factors determining system equilibrium are changed, the system will adjust itself to counteract that change and reestablish equilibrium

Answer 10

Le Châtelier’s principle

Question 11

measurement of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent

Answer 11

concentration

Question 12

two substances in the same phase that are not soluble in each other

Answer 12

immiscible

Question 13

two substances in the same phase that are highly soluble in each other

Answer 13

miscible

Question 14

any substance which, when dissolved in water, produces a solution that conducts an electric current

Answer 14

electrolyte

Question 15

substance that holds a specific number of water molecules in its formula unit

Answer 15

hydrate

Question 16

thin material that permits only certain materials to pass through

Answer 16

semipermeable membrane

Question 17

pressure exerted by vapor molecules of a system in equilibrium

Answer 17

equilibrium vapor pressure

Question 18

transfer of solvent molecules into a solution through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 18

osmosis

Question 19

properties that depend on the concentration of the solute in a solution but not on the identity of the solute

Answer 19

colligative

Question 20

ions that do not take part in the chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the chemical reaction

Answer 20

spectator ions

Question 21

combination of a base metal and at least one other substance, which blend to form a solution with metallic properties

Answer 21

alloy

Question 22

solution that contains more solute than a normal saturated solution under the same conditions

Answer 22

supersaturated solution

Question 23

Zn⁺²(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) + 2NH₄(aq) + S⁻²(aq) → 2NH₄⁺(aq) = 2NO₃⁻(aq) + ZnS(s)

Zn⁺²(aq) + S⁻²(aq) → ZnS(s)

Answer 23

equations that show how dissociated ions react in aqueous solution

Question 24

Raoult’s Law Psoln = Xsolv Psolv

Answer 24

vapor pressure of a solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent

Question 25

molaRity M = 1.00 mol solu/1.00L soln

Answer 25

indication of the number of moles of solute per liter of solution

Question 26

mole fraction X = moles of component/moles of solution

Answer 26

ratio of the number of moles of solution component to the number of moles of total solution

Question 27

hydrate MgBr2 * 6H2O

Answer 27

substance that holds a specific number of water molecules in its formula unit

Question 28

boiling-point elevation ∆Tb

Answer 28

increase in boiling point of a solvent caused by a solute

Question 29

heat of solution +∆Hsoln or -∆Hsoln

Answer 29

amount of heat absorbed or released when a solute dissolves in a specific amount of solvent

Question 30

molal boiling-point constant Kb

Answer 30

boiling-point constant of solvent in a 1.00-m solution of a nonvolatile, molecular solute

Question 31

molaLity m = 1.00 mol solu/1.00 kg solv

Answer 31

indication of the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Question 32

freezing-point depression ∆Tf

Answer 32

decrease in the freezing point of a solvent caused by a solute

Question 33

solute-solute solvent-solvent

Answer 33

endothermic interactions in the solution process

Question 34

A solution is a _______ with a uniform consistency, but whose components do not ______ in definite proportions.

Answer 34

homogeneous combination ... chemically combine

Question 35

A solution consists of two or more components in a single _______.

Answer 35

phase

Question 36

The components of a solution include in a _______ (substance dissolved) and a _______ (dissolving medium).

Answer 36

solute … solution

Question 37

Solubility depends on the _______ of the solution components and the existing conditions of _______ and _______.

Answer 37

identity ... pressure ... temperature

Question 38

Heat of solution is the total heat of three different energy changes caused by three types of interactions: _______ interactions, _______ interactions, and _______ interactions.

Answer 38

solute-solute ... solvent-solvent ... solute-solvent