Set for quiz on Monday Oct 31th

Question 1

What represents the hardware

Answer 1

society

Question 2

What represents the software

Answer 2

culture

Question 3

What is hardware

Answer 3

the structures that organize group life

Question 4

What is software

Answer 4

ideas and material objects that provide meanings and guidelines for living

Question 5

society and culture are

Answer 5

interdependent

Question 6

What is culture?

Answer 6

culture is what makes societies unique through the way of life shared by a group of people

Question 7

What is culture shared through

Answer 7

knowledge
values
rules of laws
customs
symbols
products
beliefs
rules
material

Question 8

What are the 3 structures that societies are composed of?

Answer 8

positions we hold
groups we belong to
institutions we participate in

Question 9

What are the 4 principles of culture?

Answer 9

Everyone shares a culture with others
Culture evolves and adapts over time
The creation of culture is ongoing and cumulative
The transmission of culture separates humans from other animals

Question 10

What is material culture?

Answer 10

All the objects we can see or touch that are made by humans; the artifacts of a group of people

Question 11

What is non-material culture?

Answer 11

Invisible or intangible aspects of a group’s culture, including its values, beliefs, norms or rules, and language

Question 12

What are values?

Answer 12

Shared judgements about what is desirable or undesirable, right or wrong, good or bad
express the basic ideas of a culture
may become a “creed” if they gain the power of religious doctrine
often taken for granted
conflict may arise between groups with different value systems

Question 13

What are beliefs?

Answer 13

Ideas we hold about life, how society works, and where we fit into it
come from traditions, religious teachings, experiences, lessons from parents and others
influence the choices we make
often based on values, which are broader, more abstract notions of what is desirable

Question 14

What are norms?

Answer 14

Rules of behavior shared by members of a society and rooted in the society’s value system

Question 15

What are folkways?

Answer 15

Norms that are desirable but not strictly enforced

Question 16

What are mores?

Answer 16

Norms that are observed by most, great moral significance

Question 17

What are taboos?

Answer 17

Norms that are mores that are prohibit actions; very strong penalties

Question 18

What are laws?

Answer 18

Norms that are formally encoded, violation seen as deserving of formal punishment

Question 19

What is language?

Answer 19

The use of symbols to convey meaning, objects, or ideas
Is the foundation of every culture

Question 20

What are the 3 forms of language?

Answer 20

Spoken
Written
Nonverbal

Question 21

What is spoken language?

Answer 21

Sounds symbolize objects or ideas
Sounds have similar meaning for all member of culture

Question 22

What is written language?

Answer 22

Images symbolize objects or ideas
Allows societies to store information for future
Enables communication over distances

Question 23

What is nonverbal language?

Answer 23

Gestures, facial expressions, and body postures that symbolize objects or ideas

Question 24

What are the 3 different levels?

Answer 24

micro
meso
macro

Question 25

What is micro-level?

Answer 25

small
like family and friends

Question 26

What is meso-level?

Answer 26

bigger then micro
like communities, schools, clubs, sports

Question 27

What is macro-level?

Answer 27

largest
level we study at in this class

Question 28

What is a subculture?

Answer 28

the culture of a group smaller than a nation but large enough to sustain people through the life span
Combines its own unique elements with those of the dominant culture
Plays a continuous role in members’ lives
Members believe in rightness of subculture
Members have a sense of we, as opposed to them

Question 29

What is a counterculture?

Answer 29

A group with expectations and values that contrast with the values of the dominant society
Countercultures with to reject and replace values of the dominant society
Conflict and compromise with the dominant society, or withdraw from it
Operate at meso-level when they continue over time, or micro-level when short-lived

Question 30

What is national culture comprised of?

Answer 30

common values and beliefs that tie citizens together
affects the everyday lives of all citizens

Question 31

What is symbolic interaction theory?

Answer 31

Focus on how we learn to share meanings of symbols, the basic elements of culture
Humanness comes from our ability to influence each other using symbols with shared understanding
As a society, we use symbols to define what is real, normal, and good

Question 32

What is structural functional theory?

Answer 32

Society is composed of interdependent parts, each fulfilling a necessary function
The function of cultural norms, values, and beliefs is to hold the group together
However sometimes norms, values, and beliefs are dysfunctional for individuals or groups within a society

Question 33

What is conflict theory?

Answer 33

Society is composed of conflicting groups each trying to protect its own self-interests and to make its own culture dominant
Dominant groups may impose their cultural beliefs on minorities and other groups, laying the groundwork for conflict
However, dominant groups may manipulate institutions, so others learn beliefs and values that justify their power, thus reducing conflict and securing their status