Set Works (Orchestral)

Question 1

What is the form of Haydn’s Quartet (the Joke)?

2

Answer 1

• Ternary form

* ‘A’ section is in rounded binary form

Question 2

What can the texture be described as in Haydn’s Quartet (the Joke)?
(6)

Answer 2

• Melody dominated homophony
• Trommelbass
• 4 part texture (sometimes 3)
• Uses GP
• Pedal points
• Canonic entries

Question 3

Describe the tonality of Haydn’s Quartet (the Joke).

3

Answer 3

• Tonal
• Eb major
• Modulates on ‘B’ section (Ab, Fm, Eb, ends in Bb)

Question 4

Describe the harmony in Haydn’s Quartet (the Joke)?

4

Answer 4

• Functional and diatonic (root and first inversion chords)
• Dom 9th chord
• Extended pedal points (inverted, dominant)
• I V I chords in opening

Question 5

Describe the melody found in Haydn’s Quartet (the Joke)?

8

Answer 5

• Found in violin 1
• Starts with an anacrusis
• Motivic
• Mix of scalic and triadic patterns
• Some chromatic decoration (passing notes, auxiliary notes, appoggiaturas)
• Some ornamentation (anacrusis)
• Repetition
• Fragmented at end

Question 6

What is the rhythm and metre of Haydn’s Quartet (the Joke)?

Answer 6

• Uniform rhythm

* Compound duple time 6/8

Question 7

Name features of Haydn’s Quartet in Eb (the Joke) that indicate that it was composed in the classical period.
(12)

Answer 7

• Triadic themes
• Periodic structures and phrasing
• Perfect cadences
• Mainly homophonic
• Functional and diatonic harmony
• Slow harmonic rhythm
• Dominant pedals
• Trommelbass and broken chords in accompaniment
• Ornamentation (appoggiaturas, acciaccaturas)
• Instrumentation- String Quartet
• Sonata form
• Chromaticism (scales and auxiliary notes)

Question 8

What is the form of Bach’s Sarabande?

2

Answer 8

• Rounded binary

* Rhyming of the last 4 bars of each section

Question 9

How could you describe the texture of Bach’s Sarabande?

4

Answer 9

• Homophonic
• 2 part texture with decorated melody line
• Walking bass
• Texture thicken to 4 part at cadences

Question 10

What key is Bach’s sarabande in?

Answer 10

• D major

* It is diatonic

Question 11

Describe the harmony in Bach’s sarabande.

4

Answer 11

• Functional and diatonic (root and first inversion chords)
• Inner pedal, dominant preparation
• Circle of 5ths
• Brisk harmonic pulse

Question 12

Describe the melody found in Bach’s sarabande.

4

Answer 12

• Fortspinnung, spun out melody
• Motivic
• Many melodic sequences
• Little repetition

Question 13

How is rhythm used in Bach’s sarabande?

3

Answer 13

• Uniform rhythm, walking quavers LH
• Motivic
• Semiquavers and demisemiquavers in RH (Fortspinnung)

Question 14

What is the metre of Bach’s sarabande?

Answer 14

Simple triple time (3/4)

Question 15

How could the form of Bach’s Gigue be described?

3

Answer 15

• Simple binary form
• Fugal exposition at beginning of each half
• Rhyming last 8 bars of each section

Question 16

What is the texture of Bach’s Gigue?

2

Answer 16

• Monophonic at start of each half

* 2 and 3 part fugal counterpoint

Question 17

What key is Bach’s Gigue in?

Answer 17

D major (diatonic)

Question 18

How can the harmony be described in Bach’s Gigue?

3

Answer 18

• Functional and diatonic, root and first inversions
• Circle of 5ths
• Some second inversion chords

Question 19

Describe the melody in Bach’s Gigue.

1

Answer 19

• Motivic- triadic motifs or stepwise

Question 20

What is the rhythm in Bach’s Gigue?

2

Answer 20

• Uniform- triplet Semiquavers

* Even quavers in accompaniment

Question 21

What is the metre in Bach’s Gigue?

Answer 21

Compound triple time (9/16)

Question 22

What features of Bach’s sarabande and Gigue from Partita no 4 in D indicate that it was composed in the Baroque period?
(13)

Answer 22

• Built up of one theme/ set of motifs (little thematic contrast)
• Affekt (same mood/ musical style)
• Uniform rhythms
• Active bass line- walking bass
• Contrapuntal texture
• Quick harmonic rhythm
• Tension constant
• Energetic, repetitive rhythms
• Fortspinnung
• Avoidance of cadences
• Suspensions
• Cadences on strong beat
• Ornamentation (eg appoggiaturas)

Question 23

What form is Tippett’s concerto for double string orchestra in?

Answer 23

Sonata form- 2 subjects

Ritornello form

Question 24

How is the texture of Tippett’s concerto for double string orchestra described?
(6)

Answer 24

• Monophony
• Mostly 2 part contrapuntal texture, thickened with octaves
• Occasional homophony
• Contrapuntal
• Antiphony
• Each orchestra in parallel 3rds

Question 25

Describe the tonality of Tippett's concerto for double string orchestra. (5)

Answer 25

* Mostly modal- aeolian * Occasional whole tone scales used * Sometimes to ally obscure * Second subject in G major * Coda in c major and ends on open triad of a minor

Question 26

What is the harmony like in Tippett's concerto for double string orchestra? (6)

Answer 26

* Very few 4 part chords * Dissonance * Some modal progressions (Phrygian cadence) * Augmented triads * Open triads * Whole tone scales in development

Question 27

Describe the melody in Tippett's concerto for double string orchestra. (2)

Answer 27

* Motivic- music mostly based on that in first 4 bars | * They are restless, few are cantabile

Question 28

How would you describe the rhythms in Tippett's concerto for double string orchestra? (7)

Answer 28

* Motivic * Complex metre makes rhythmic complexity * Additive rhythms * Syncopation- calypso rhythm * Polyrhythmic effects * Ostinato accompaniment patterns * Augmentation

Question 29

What metres are used in Tippett's concerto for double string orchestra?

Answer 29

First subject- (8/8) | Second subject- (6/8, 4/8, 8/8)

Question 30

Features that indicate that Tippett's concerto for double string orchestra was composed in the 20th century. (17)

Answer 30

* Melody has wide leaps * Use of chromatic and dissonant intervals * Short and fragmentary melodies * Extreme dissonance * More discordant than concords * Jazz harmony (Dom 9ths, 11ths, 13ths) * Vigorous and dynamic rhythm * Syncopation * Unusual metres * Changing metre * Polyrhythms * Ostinato * Motor rhythms * Additive rhythms * Wide range of string timbres * Unusual instrument choice * Neoclassical

Question 31

Features of Tippett's concerto for double string orchestra that refer back to the music of the Renaissance. (12)

Answer 31

* Modes * Linear style of writing with counterpoint * Phrygian cadences * Lydian 4ths * Open triads * False relations * Melodic lines don't stress the first beat of the bar * Contrapuntal * Sonata form * Interval extension * Fortspinnung * Suspensions

Question 32

What instrumentation does Webern use in his quartet?

Answer 32

Violin, clarinet, saxophone and piano | The violin uses the mute and switches between pizz and arco.

Question 33

Describe the form and structure of Webern's quartet. | 5

Answer 33

* Sonata form * Compact structure * Repeat for the exposition and another for the development and recapitulation * The beginnings of sections are indicated by a rit then a tempo * Rows are used

Question 34

Describe the use of texture in Webern's quartet. | 5

Answer 34

* Thin- discontinuous Monophony * 2 strand melody in intro, development and coda; 3 strands in exposition and recapitulation * Canons overplayed by a cantus firmus * Close imitation, some stretto * Passages begins and end monophonic 'bulge' in the middle with 4 part texture

Question 35

What is the tonality of Webern's quartet? | 2

Answer 35

* Atonal- 12 tone | * Based on rows generated from the prime

Question 36

How is harmony used in Webern's quartet? | 2

Answer 36

* Entirely chromatic (minor 2nds and major 7ths) | * Chirds created by the verticalisation of the row

Question 37

Describe the melody in Webern's quartet. | 5

Answer 37

* Created with tone rows with octave displacement * 3 note patterns in the prime with minor 2nds and 3rds * Fragmented into 2 and 3 note groups * Disjunct with wide leaps and are angular * Klangfarbenmelodie

Question 38

How could the rhythm of Webern's quartet be described?

Answer 38

Uniform- Affekt using rhythmic cells

Question 39

What is the metre in Webern's quartet?

Answer 39

3/8 generally other than in the development where it's unstable

Question 40

Stylistic features that indicate Webern's quartet op 22 seas composed in the early 20th century. (18)

Answer 40

* Wide leaps * Chromatic and dissonant intervals * Angular and spiky * Short and fragmentary melodic phrases * Serialism * Vigorous and dynamic rhythm * Fragmented rhythm * Syncopation * Unusual metres * Changing of metres creates irregular pulse * Extreme harmonic dissonance * Atonality * More discords than concords * Wide range of timbres * Klangfarbenmelodie * Saxophone- new instruments * Unusual combinations of instruments * Extreme pitches/ ranges of instruments