Settlement Change

Question 1

CASE STUDY:

What percentage of the country’s population is Egypt the home to?

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

CASE STUDY:

What is Cairo’s population?

Answer 2

16 million (on average)

Question 3

CASE STUDY:

What is the rate of growth in population in Cairo per year?

Answer 3

500 000

Question 4

CASE STUDY:

Why is the life in Cairo perceived to be of a better quality than that in the countryside?

Answer 4

It has better education and healthcare.

Question 5

CASE STUDY:

State two reasons as to why the population is growing in Cairo.

Answer 5

Youngsters are most likely to move there from the countryside (urbanisation) and they are also most likely to have babies -> a rising birth rate so population rises.
Better healthcare in the city so infant mortality rates are lower and the population will continue to rise.

Question 6

CASE STUDY:

What has the big population caused in respect of housing?

Answer 6

A housing shortage.

Question 7

CASE STUDY:

What percentage of Cairo’s population are living in shanty homes?

Answer 7

60%

Question 8

CASE STUDY:

How many people live in the ‘City of the Dead’ (on average) and what do they go without?

Answer 8

1 million

No running water or sanitation.

Question 9

CASE STUDY:

What percentage have no fresh water?

Answer 9

23%

Question 10

CASE STUDY:

What percentage have no sanitation?

Answer 10

25%

Question 11

CASE STUDY:

What percentage of sewage is discharged into the rivers?

Answer 11

15%

Question 12

CASE STUDY:

How many litres of industrial waste in discharged into the Nile a day? And what does this cause?

Answer 12

2.5 million litres

More water pollution and worse health for the people.

Question 13

CASE STUDY:
True or false?
‘The noise in Egypt is far above the World Health Organisation’s recommendations, meaning that there is noise pollution there.’

Answer 13

True

Question 14

CASE STUDY:

What will the workers work for? What does this lead to?

Answer 14

Less money, so there are lots of job opportunities. This means that the economy is rapidly growing.

Question 15

Define ‘brownfield site’

Answer 15

A site for new homes that has been built on before.

Question 16

Define ‘central business district (CBD)’

Answer 16

Where most of a town’s business takes place. Usually in the town centre.

Question 17

Define ‘clustered/ nucleated’

Answer 17

When the buildings in a settlement are all built around one point.

Question 18

Define ‘counter-urbanisation’

Answer 18

The movement of people out of cities into the

countryside.

Question 19

Define ‘de-industrialisation’

Answer 19

When industry moves from the inner city to the rural-urban fringe.

Question 20

Define ‘dispersed/ fragmented’

Answer 20

When the buildings in a settlement are built all over the place- no specific pattern.

Question 21

Define ‘garden grabbing’

Answer 21

Building on land in the suburbs that used to be someone’s garden.

Question 22

Define ‘gated development’

Answer 22

A set of homes built with good security in or near the inner city.

Question 23

Define ‘green belt’

Answer 23

The countryside around a town or city (after the rural-urban fringe).

Question 24

Define ‘greenfield site’

Answer 24

A site for new homes that has not been built on before.

Question 25

Define 'inner city'

Answer 25

The older, central area of a city containing factories and terraced houses.

Question 26

Define 'linear/ribbon'

Answer 26

When the buildings in a settlement are built in a line- often along a main road.

Question 27

Define 'pull factor'

Answer 27

A factor that would attract people to the countryside.

Question 28

Define 'push factor'

Answer 28

A factor that would make people want to leave a city.

Question 29

Define 'redevelopment'

Answer 29

When buildings are demolished and replaced.

Question 30

Define 'renewal'

Answer 30

When buildings are repaired and renovated.

Question 31

Define 'rural depopulation'

Answer 31

The movement of people from a rural area to a city.

Question 32

Define 'rural-urban fringe'

Answer 32

The edge of a town/city.

Question 33

Define 'settlement function'

Answer 33

The reason (often economic) as to why a settlement was first started.

Question 34

Define 'settlement site'

Answer 34

The aspect, area, site or gradient of a settlement.

Question 35

Define 'settlement situation'

Answer 35

The distance or direction of a settlement from another settlement.

Question 36

Define 'suburbs'

Answer 36

The newer, outer area of a city containing newer, larger homes.

Question 37

Define 'urban sprawl'

Answer 37

When a city expands outwards.

Question 38

Define 'urbanisation'

Answer 38

The movement of people into cities.

Question 39

Name the 7 pull factors for counter-urbanisation.

Answer 39

``` Nicer place to live Safer for families Have a garden Quiet roads Community spirit Houses are cheaper Better schools ```

Question 40

Name 4 push factors for counter-urbanisation.

Answer 40

Expensive houses Busier roads More crime More pollution

Question 41

Name the 3 pull factors for rural depopulation.

Answer 41

Further education opportunities More work Things for younger people to do

Question 42

Name the 5 push factors for rural depopulations.

Answer 42

``` Difficult to get to Poor transport links No/little work No/few services Schools are very far apart ```

Question 43

Name 3 positive effects of counter-urbanisation.

Answer 43

More customers for local businesses Local schools have more pupils so can stay open Derelict farm buildings are turned into buildings

Question 44

Name 3 negative effects of counter-urbanisation.

Answer 44

House prices rise People commute to CBD so more congestion Conflict between farmers and newcomers People may not shop in the local areas

Question 45

Name the effects of rural depopulation.

Answer 45

``` NEGATIVE: Few young people in the area Local schools shut Businesses close Less money in economy House prices decrease (bad if selling houses) POSITIVE: Less traffic Less air pollution House prices decrease (good if buying houses) ```

Question 46

Name the 7 parts of an urban area - from the inside to the edge- and what is there.

Answer 46

``` CBD - shops, offices, businesses Inner city - factories, industry Terraced houses - houses Suburbs - Semi-detached houses Suburbs - detached houses Rural urban fringe - housing and industry Green belt - farmland ```

Question 47

What are the reasons for de-industrialisation?

Answer 47

``` Traffic congestion Old buildings Sites are to small and can't expand Disease concerns from residents (cattle markets) Conflict between residents and industry Difficult to get to the site. ```

Question 48

What are the POSITIVE effects of de-industrialisation?

Answer 48

Possibility of redevelopment Less pollution Less traffic and congestion Cheaper house prices

Question 49

What are the NEGATIVE effects of de-industrialisation?

Answer 49

Unemployment Local shops close as not as many people come to the town centre Crime is increased in the derelict areas Derelict buildings look unpleasant

Question 50

Name 3 examples of renewal.

Answer 50

Albert Docks, Liverpool Custard Factory, Birmingham Marston Mill, Ludlow

Question 51

Name 3 examples of redevelopment.

Answer 51

BedZed, London Eden Project, Cornwall O2 Arena and Canary Wharf, London

Question 52

What is the difference between 'site' and 'situation'?

Answer 52

The settlement site is about a settlement itself whereas a settlement situation compares one settlement to others.

Question 53

Define 'pull factor'.

Answer 53

A reason why you would want to move to a place.

Question 54

Define 'push factor'.

Answer 54

A reason to leave a place.

Question 55

Name one land use model.

Answer 55

The Burgess Model

Question 56

How many rings are there in the Burgess Model?

Answer 56

5 (anything outside of that is the green belt.

Question 57

Name the 4 reasons why factories are closing in the inner city.

Answer 57

Residents don't like the appearance = dispute Too much traffic Can't expand due to surrounding buildings Old buildings may not be safe

Question 58

Give an example of an area affected by rural depopulation.

Answer 58

Western Isles

Question 59

What is the other word for 'nucleated'?

Answer 59

Clustered

Question 60

What is the other word for 'dispersed'?

Answer 60

Fragmented

Question 61

What is the other word for 'linear'?

Answer 61

Ribbon

Question 62

What is the other word for 'clustered'?

Answer 62

Nucleated

Question 63

What is the other word for 'fragmented'?

Answer 63

Dispersed

Question 64

What is the other word for 'ribbon'?

Answer 64

Linear