Settlements

Question 0

Disadvantages of a grid iron street pattern?

Answer 0

Disadvantages: • Many intersections which halt the• flow of traffic. • Accidents and traffic congestion may occur Addition to notes of a settlement may be : Higher order : Specialised eg: financial services, medical, legal, engineering, Low order : Simple eg: selling food, cheaper products, hairdresser, fast food outlet A very old street pattern and the roads intersect at right angles. Easy to establish on flat land. Many intersections which halt the Accidents and traffic congestion may occur

Question 1

What are the advantages of a grid iron street pattern?

Answer 1

Grid iron
A very old street pattern
Advantages: • Easy to find places. • Easy to establish on flat land.

Question 2

When/where do concentric radial patter occur?

Answer 2

Occurs in planned urban areas.
• >Roads radiate outwards from a central point.
• >Pattern looks like a spider’s web.

Question 3

Advantages of a concentric radial pattern?

Answer 3

Advantages:
• Easy to find places.
• Easy to establish on flat land.
• Ring road means you can bypass the city centre

Question 4

Disadvantages of a concentric radial pattern?

Answer 4

Disadvantages:

• All roads converge at a central point - congestion.

Question 5

Irregular patterned streets?

Answer 5

There is no clear structure. It is often established on hilly terrain.

Question 6

Advantages of irregular patterned streets?

Answer 6

Advantage:

• If it is planned this pattern can alleviate traffic congestion and ease traffic flow.

Question 7

Disadvantages of irregular patterned streets?

Answer 7

Disadvantage:

• It is difficult to locate places.

Question 8

Four types of settlement shapes?

Answer 8

Linear
T-junction
Crossroads
Circular/round (stellar)

Question 9

Characteristics of a linear shaped settlement?

Answer 9

• Form along a main road
• Develops next to a river or canal
• No obvious centre
• Building spread out along a line

Question 10

Characteristics of a T-junction shaped settlement?

Answer 10

• Develops at a road junction

* Maybe T or Y shaped

Question 11

Characteristics of a Crossroad shaped settlement?

Answer 11

• Develops where main roads meet

* May be near a crossing over a river

Question 12

Characteristic of a Circular/round shaped settlement?

Answer 12

• Roads radiate out from a centre

Question 13

Do dispersed settlements apply to all the types of settlements?why?

Answer 13

This applies to RURAL settlements only, as most urban settlements are URBAN

Question 14

Advantages of dispersed settlements?

Answer 14

Advantages  
Privacy  
Own boss work hard = profit  
Farmer can make own decisions  
Once established, infrastructure is not overburdened  
Self-sufficient  
Healthy environment

Question 15

Disadvantages of a dispersed settlement?

Answer 15

Social isolation  
May be technologically isolated  
Distances to amenities  
Crime  
Exposure to land claims  
Farmer cannot rely on community for help  
Capital intensive

Question 16

Advantages of a nucleated end settlement?

Answer 16

Security  
Social interaction  
Exposure to new ideas  
More job opportunities  
Sharing of resources/ tools  
Competition leads to better farming methods  
Group influence  Help available

Question 17

Disadvantages of a nucleated settlement?

Answer 17

Lack of privacy
Could lead to more crime
Competition for resources and selling products
Fragmented properties, hamper mechanisation
At the mercy of other farmers – dongas can extend over many farms Less scope for initiative

Question 18

What are the 6 different types of settlements? And give their functions if possible.

Answer 18

Permanent, Temporary and Nomadic
Rural and Urban - settlements of different sizes
Dormitory towns - functions of different settlements

Question 19

What are the factors that affect the site (exact location) of a settlement?

Answer 19

Relief - flat land (easier and cheaper to build on)
Water source is close by - (wet point settlement would be homes built close to water, dry point would be settlement built on high lying ground away from water, possibly because of seasonal flooding)
Building materials close by
Fertile land that is good for farming
The site could be defended easily
Fuel supplies are available (wood, electricity etc)

Question 20

What is it called when a settlements population increase?

What is it called when a settlements population decrease?

Answer 20

Urbanisation

Depopulation

Question 21

What do you call the case study of a settlement?

Answer 21

Project

Question 22

What are the factors that influence the shape of a settlement?

Answer 22

Transport networks

Access to land, rivers and other natural features

Question 23

Who takes the land within urban settlements?

Answer 23

Central Business District
Zones for heavy/light industry
Residential areas (high, middle, low income)
Services and recreation

Question 24

What are the 3 terms used when a city is being changed/changing? Give a simple definition for each.

Answer 24

Urban sprawl - (uncontrolled expansions of areas) Urban decay - (when a city falls into disrepair) Urban renewal - (the redevelopment of areas within a large cities)

Question 25

What 2 thing in South Africa's past affected the location of settlements?

Answer 25

The continuing influence of the Land Act (1913) | The continuing influence of The Group Areas Act (1950)

Question 26

What is a settlement?

Answer 26

A grouping of people, activities, building structures and communication networks that function as a single integrated system on a daily basis.

Question 27

Permanent settlement?

Answer 27

A settlement that is intended to last indefinitely

Question 28

Temporary settlement?

Answer 28

A settlement that is intended to last for a limited period of time (days, months, possibly years)

Question 29

Nomadic settlement?

Answer 29

A settlement that continually moves from place to place due to location/climatic factors.

Question 30

What is 'site'?

Answer 30

The exact point at which the settlement is established. The site is determined by physical factors such as relief, soil type and a water source. Defence has also played a role in determining the site of early settlements.

Question 31

What is 'situation'?

Answer 31

Describes where a settlement is located in relation to its surroundings (neighbouring settlements, market, communication links, rivers, mountains).

Question 32

How do you classify a settlement?

Answer 32

Settlements that are found in the countryside away from urban centres. Dwellings may be nucleated or dispersed (in pattern) and primary activities are the main economic activity supporting these settlements. Rural settlements are smaller in population size and density.

Question 33

What does nucleated and dispersed settlements refer to?

Answer 33

Refers to how close or far apart the farmsteads or buildings are.

Question 34

What does PEA stand for and what do they do?

Answer 34

Primary economic activity - involved in the extraction and use of natural resources (farming, mining, fishing, forestry and hunting)

Question 35

What is a urban settlement?

Answer 35

Settlements that are nucleated with secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities activities. Urban areas are large built-up areas with a large population size and thus high population density.

Question 36

What does SEA stand for? And what do they do?

Answer 36

Secondary economic activity - prossesing/manufacturing goods extracted in the primary activities.

Question 37

What does TEA stand for? And what do they do?

Answer 37

Tertiary economic activity - the provision of services and selling goods.

Question 38

What do the Quaternary economic settlements do?

Answer 38

services activities involving the collection and use of information

Question 39

Factors that affect the situation of a settltment?

Answer 39

Good transport infrastructure (road, rail, air, sea) Favourable climate Cultural and traditional forces Near to important mineral deposits Political reasons (eg: the former Homelands policy) Good trade route or junction

Question 40

Rural depopulation?

Answer 40

The movement of people out of rural areas into urban and peri-urban areas as a result of urbanisation.

Question 41

What are the push factors?

Answer 41

``` MECHANISATION, SPECIALISATION, BETTER FARMING METHODS NATURAL DISASTERS (DROUGHTS AND FLOODS) SMALL PIECES OF FARMLAND THAT ARE UNECONOMICAL TO RUN OVERPOPULATION OVER-UTILISATION OF LAND (SOIL EROSION) POVERTY UNRELIABLE RAINFALL DEGRADATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT LACK OF SERVICES (WATER, ELECTRICITY & ENTERTAINMENT) ```

Question 42

What are the pull factors?

Answer 42

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES BETTER SERVICES SUCH AS HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES BETTER FACILITIES SUCH AS EDUCATION AND TRAINING BETTER SOCIAL,CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES (BRIGHT LIGHTS SYNDROME) LOWER RISK OF BEING AFFECTED BY NATURAL DISASTERS BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE TRANSPORT SERVICES AVAILABLE

Question 43

What are the issues that we can help us fight against poverty?

Answer 43

EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION AND TRAINING, WATER, CRIME, HEALTH, HOUSING, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND GOVERNMENT PENSIONS AND SUBSIDIES.