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Geography > Settlements > Flashcards

Settlements Flashcards

0
Q

Disadvantages of a grid iron street pattern?

A

Disadvantages: • Many intersections which halt the• flow of traffic. • Accidents and traffic congestion may occur Addition to notes of a settlement may be : Higher order : Specialised eg: financial services, medical, legal, engineering, Low order : Simple eg: selling food, cheaper products, hairdresser, fast food outlet A very old street pattern and the roads intersect at right angles. Easy to establish on flat land. Many intersections which halt the Accidents and traffic congestion may occur

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1
Q

What are the advantages of a grid iron street pattern?

A

Grid iron
A very old street pattern
Advantages: • Easy to find places. • Easy to establish on flat land.

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2
Q

When/where do concentric radial patter occur?

A

Occurs in planned urban areas.
• >Roads radiate outwards from a central point.
• >Pattern looks like a spider’s web.

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3
Q

Advantages of a concentric radial pattern?

A

Advantages:
• Easy to find places.
• Easy to establish on flat land.
• Ring road means you can bypass the city centre

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4
Q

Disadvantages of a concentric radial pattern?

A

Disadvantages:

• All roads converge at a central point - congestion.

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5
Q

Irregular patterned streets?

A

There is no clear structure. It is often established on hilly terrain.

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6
Q

Advantages of irregular patterned streets?

A

Advantage:

• If it is planned this pattern can alleviate traffic congestion and ease traffic flow.

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7
Q

Disadvantages of irregular patterned streets?

A

Disadvantage:

• It is difficult to locate places.

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8
Q

Four types of settlement shapes?

A

Linear
T-junction
Crossroads
Circular/round (stellar)

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9
Q

Characteristics of a linear shaped settlement?

A
  • Form along a main road
  • Develops next to a river or canal
  • No obvious centre
  • Building spread out along a line
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10
Q

Characteristics of a T-junction shaped settlement?

A
  • Develops at a road junction

* Maybe T or Y shaped

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11
Q

Characteristics of a Crossroad shaped settlement?

A
  • Develops where main roads meet

* May be near a crossing over a river

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12
Q

Characteristic of a Circular/round shaped settlement?

A

• Roads radiate out from a centre

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13
Q

Do dispersed settlements apply to all the types of settlements?why?

A

This applies to RURAL settlements only, as most urban settlements are URBAN

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14
Q

Advantages of dispersed settlements?

A 
Advantages  
Privacy  
Own boss work hard = profit  
Farmer can make own decisions  
Once established, infrastructure is not overburdened  
Self-sufficient  
Healthy environment
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15
Q

Disadvantages of a dispersed settlement?

A 
Social isolation  
May be technologically isolated  
Distances to amenities  
Crime  
Exposure to land claims  
Farmer cannot rely on community for help  
Capital intensive
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16
Q

Advantages of a nucleated end settlement?

A 
Security  
Social interaction  
Exposure to new ideas  
More job opportunities  
Sharing of resources/ tools  
Competition leads to better farming methods  
Group influence  Help available
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17
Q

Disadvantages of a nucleated settlement?

A

Lack of privacy
Could lead to more crime
Competition for resources and selling products
Fragmented properties, hamper mechanisation
At the mercy of other farmers – dongas can extend over many farms Less scope for initiative

18
Q

What are the 6 different types of settlements? And give their functions if possible.

A

Permanent, Temporary and Nomadic
Rural and Urban - settlements of different sizes
Dormitory towns - functions of different settlements

19
Q

What are the factors that affect the site (exact location) of a settlement?

A

Relief - flat land (easier and cheaper to build on)
Water source is close by - (wet point settlement would be homes built close to water, dry point would be settlement built on high lying ground away from water, possibly because of seasonal flooding)
Building materials close by
Fertile land that is good for farming
The site could be defended easily
Fuel supplies are available (wood, electricity etc)

20
Q

What is it called when a settlements population increase?

What is it called when a settlements population decrease?

A

Urbanisation

Depopulation

21
Q

What do you call the case study of a settlement?

A

Project

22
Q

What are the factors that influence the shape of a settlement?

A

Transport networks

Access to land, rivers and other natural features

23
Q

Who takes the land within urban settlements?

A

Central Business District
Zones for heavy/light industry
Residential areas (high, middle, low income)
Services and recreation

24
Q

What are the 3 terms used when a city is being changed/changing? Give a simple definition for each.

A

Urban sprawl - (uncontrolled expansions of areas)
Urban decay - (when a city falls into disrepair)
Urban renewal - (the redevelopment of areas within a large cities)

25
Q

What 2 thing in South Africa’s past affected the location of settlements?

A

The continuing influence of the Land Act (1913)

The continuing influence of The Group Areas Act (1950)

26
Q

What is a settlement?

A

A grouping of people, activities, building structures and communication networks that function as a single integrated system on a daily basis.

27
Q

Permanent settlement?

A

A settlement that is intended to last indefinitely

28
Q

Temporary settlement?

A

A settlement that is intended to last for a limited period of time (days, months, possibly years)

29
Q

Nomadic settlement?

A

A settlement that continually moves from place to place due to location/climatic factors.

30
Q

What is ‘site’?

A

The exact point at which the settlement is established. The site is determined by physical factors such as relief, soil type and a water source. Defence has also played a role in determining the site of early settlements.

31
Q

What is ‘situation’?

A

Describes where a settlement is located in relation to its surroundings (neighbouring settlements, market, communication links, rivers, mountains).

32
Q

How do you classify a settlement?

A

Settlements that are found in the countryside away from urban centres. Dwellings may be nucleated or dispersed (in pattern) and primary activities are the main economic activity supporting these settlements. Rural settlements are smaller in population size and density.

33
Q

What does nucleated and dispersed settlements refer to?

A

Refers to how close or far apart the farmsteads or buildings are.

34
Q

What does PEA stand for and what do they do?

A

Primary economic activity - involved in the extraction and use of natural resources (farming, mining, fishing, forestry and hunting)

35
Q

What is a urban settlement?

A

Settlements that are nucleated with secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities activities. Urban areas are large built-up areas with a large population size and thus high population density.

36
Q

What does SEA stand for? And what do they do?

A

Secondary economic activity - prossesing/manufacturing goods extracted in the primary activities.

37
Q

What does TEA stand for? And what do they do?

A

Tertiary economic activity - the provision of services and selling goods.

38
Q

What do the Quaternary economic settlements do?

A

services activities involving the collection and use of information

39
Q

Factors that affect the situation of a settltment?

A

Good transport infrastructure (road, rail, air, sea)
Favourable climate
Cultural and traditional forces
Near to important mineral deposits
Political reasons (eg: the former Homelands policy)
Good trade route or junction

40
Q

Rural depopulation?

A

The movement of people out of rural areas into urban and peri-urban areas as a result of urbanisation.

41
Q

What are the push factors?

A 
MECHANISATION, 
SPECIALISATION, 
BETTER FARMING METHODS 
NATURAL DISASTERS (DROUGHTS AND FLOODS) 
SMALL PIECES OF FARMLAND THAT ARE UNECONOMICAL TO RUN 
OVERPOPULATION 
OVER-UTILISATION OF LAND (SOIL EROSION) 
POVERTY 
UNRELIABLE RAINFALL 
DEGRADATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 
LACK OF SERVICES (WATER, ELECTRICITY & ENTERTAINMENT)
42
Q

What are the pull factors?

A

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
BETTER SERVICES SUCH AS HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES BETTER FACILITIES SUCH AS EDUCATION AND TRAINING BETTER SOCIAL,CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL
OPPORTUNITIES (BRIGHT LIGHTS SYNDROME)
LOWER RISK OF BEING AFFECTED BY NATURAL DISASTERS BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE
TRANSPORT SERVICES AVAILABLE

43
Q

What are the issues that we can help us fight against poverty?

A

EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION AND TRAINING, WATER, CRIME, HEALTH, HOUSING, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND GOVERNMENT PENSIONS AND SUBSIDIES.

Geography (2 decks)

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