Sex and gender

Question 1

Gender identity

Answer 1

A child’s gender can be identified by their attitudes and behaviour.
This determines whether the child is gender identity is masculine or feminine.
Gender identity is psychological and can be changed

Question 2

Psychodynamic theory

Answer 2

We have thoughts and feelings that we are not aware of because they are unconscious.
These thoughts and feelings drive our behaviour

Question 3

Phallic stage

Answer 3

Freuds third stage of psychosexual development, in which gender development takes place

Question 4

Identification

Answer 4

To adopt the attitude and behaviour (gender) of the same sex parent

Question 5

Oedipus complex

Answer 5

The conflict experienced by the boy in the phallic stage because he unconsciously desires his mother and is afraid of his father

Question 6

Electra complex

Answer 6

The conflict experienced by a girl because she is unconsciously desires her father and is afraid of losing her mother’s love

Question 7

Gender disturbance

Answer 7

Not developing the gender identity usually associated with one’s sex

Question 8

Social learning theory

Answer 8

Gender is learnt from watching and copying the behaviour of others

Question 9

Modelling

Answer 9

A role model provides an example for for the child

Question 10

Imitation

Answer 10

Copying the behaviour of a role model

Question 11

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 11

Learning from the models being either awarded or punished

Question 12

Media

Answer 12

Means of communication - tv, radio, Internet, newspaper

Question 13

Schema

Answer 13

A cognitive framework that helps us to organise and interpret information.
we gather knowledge and information from our experiences and they can be added to and changed depending on other experiences

Question 14

Gender schema

Answer 14

A mental building block of knowledge that contains information about gender.
We have gathered this information from experiences we have had and they can change over time
Often these gender schemas are gender stereotypical due to the nature of your experiences.

Question 15

Gender stereotypes

Answer 15

Believing all males are similar and all females are similar

Question 16

Gender role

Answer 16

Behaviour seen as masculine or feminine by a particular culture

Question 17

Highly gender schematised

Answer 17

Where gender is an important way of thinking about the world so information is organised according to what is gender appropriate and what is gender inappropriate.

Question 18

Sex identity

Answer 18

A child sex can be identified by their hormones and chromosomes this determines whether they have a male or female sex identity. sex identity is biological and cannot be changed