Sex And Sexual Behaviour Flashcards
(12 cards)
What determines sex?
Sex chromosomes: XX or XY
Sex hormones: androgen signalling
Sex Organs
▪ Gonads: testes or ovaries -> makes gametes (ova/sperm)
▪ Internal reproductive anatomy ▪ External Anatomy
What is Turner Syndrome & Swyer Syndrome?
Turner Syndrome & Swyer Syndrome
Chromosomes: single X (Turner) or XY but dysfunctional SRY gene (Swyer)
Gonads: None (sterile)
Hormone release: None (no puberty) Internal Organs: Female
External Organs: Female
What happens to get Insufficient Anti-mullerian hormone syndrome?
Chromosomes: XY Gonads: testes
Hormone release: normal androgens by Anti- mullerian hormone production is insufficient/no enough receptors/receptors that do no function
Internal Organs: Female & Male External Organs: Male
What is Insufficient Androgen hormone syndrome?
Chromosomes: XY
Gonads: testes
Hormone release: androgen production is insufficient/no enough receptors/receptors that do no function but normal anti-mullerian
Internal Organs:
External Organs: Fully feminised to masculinised depending on the degree of severity of the disease
What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
(excess androgen)
Chromosomes: XX
Gonads: Ovaries
Hormone release: Androgens
Internal Organs: Female & potentially male in severe cases
External Organs: Masculinised features (enlarged clitoris, partially fused labia)
What are organizational and Activational effects?
Organisational effects: Effects of sex hormones during the development of the body. During gestation. Permanent
Activational effects: Effects of sex hormones after puberty
What do Levels of testosterone correlate with?
correlate with sperm production and sexual activity
-> no testes = no sexual activity
-> no testes + injection of testosterone= sexual activity
What does Estrogens do?
causes maturation of physical features of females
How to produce Male sexual behaviour
- testosterone during development
- testosterone in adulthood
How to produce Female sexual behaviour
no testosterone during development
- progesterone + estradiol during adulthood
What are Oxytocin & Vasopressin?
Released during sex, childbirth, breastfeeding
Increasing receptor expression: cause non-
monogamous prairie voles to form monogamous pair bonds
What is the The importance of considering sex in research?
Biological sex-differences can lead to behavioural and physical sex-differences: sexual dimorphisms
Integrating both sexes in research is a crucial issues in research
