Sex hormone responsiveness conditions Flashcards
(20 cards)
What hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the follicular phase?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What hormone surges around day 14 of the menstrual cycle to trigger ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What happens to the progesterone and estrogen levels if fertilization doesn’t occur?
Both progesterone and estrogen levels drop, leading to menstruation.
What hormone is primarily responsible for the thickening of the endometrial lining during the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen
What is the role of progesterone in the luteal phase?
Progesterone prepares the uterine lining for potential embryo implantation.
What is menopause?
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to the loss of ovarian follicular activity, diagnosed after 12 months of amenorrhoea.
What is perimenopause?
Perimenopause is the period before menopause characterized by irregular cycles of ovulation and menstruation, ending 12 months after the last menstrual period.
What is premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)?
POI is the transient or permanent loss of ovarian function before the age of 40 years.
What are common symptoms that indicate a woman may be entering menopause or perimenopause?
Hot flushes, night sweats, mood disorders, urogenital symptoms, altered sexual function, sleep disturbance, and fatigue.
What are some lifestyle measures that can help alleviate menopause symptoms?
Exercise, weight loss, adequate sleep, stress reduction, wearing lighter clothing, reducing central heating, avoiding spicy foods, caffeine, smoking, and alcohol.
What is the first-line treatment for urogenital symptoms of menopause?
Low-dose vaginal oestrogen.
What are the key components of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women with a uterus?
A combined preparation of oestrogen plus progestogen.
What are the risks associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
Risks include venous thromboembolism, coronary heart disease, stroke, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. These risks can vary based on the type of HRT and age at initiation.
How does ulipristal acetate work as a progesterone receptor modulator?
Ulipristal binds to the progesterone receptor, disrupting the endometrium and inhibiting ovulation, which prevents pregnancy and helps reduce the size of uterine fibroids.
What is the role of oestrogen in hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
Oestrogens are essential for developing female secondary sexual characteristics and stimulating myometrial hypertrophy and endometrial hyperplasia.
What is the effect of Tibolone on hormone replacement therapy?
Tibolone has oestrogenic, progestogenic, and weak androgenic activity, and it is used as an alternative in some HRT regimens.
How is ulipristal acetate used as emergency contraception?
Ulipristal acetate works by preventing implantation and inhibiting ovulation, serving as an effective emergency contraceptive when taken within 120 hours after unprotected sex.
What is vaginal atrophy?
It is the thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls due to oestrogen deficiency, commonly seen in postmenopausal women.
What are the forms of topical oestrogen used to treat vaginal atrophy?
Estradiol pessaries and vaginal rings, and estriol pessaries, cream, and gel.
What non-hormonal options are available for vaginal atrophy?
Vaginal moisturisers and lubricants.
