Sex Hormones: Male Flashcards
(38 cards)
How do water soluble hormones work?
They travel freely in the blood
E.g. adrenaline
How do liquid soluble hormones get transported and what is the main function of both?
They are bound to a transport protein called hormone binding proteins.
E.g. these hormones are sex hormones
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) e.g. androgens and oestrogens, they will present them to the cell where they will be released and transported into them cell to do its function.
Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) e.g. corticosteroids and progesterone
What would happen if we have altered levels of the SHBG and CBG proteins?
altered levels of these proteins may leads to hormone problems
What is testosterone?
This is a primary male hormone
Where is testosterone secreted from?
It is secreted from the testes in males but in small quantities is also secreted from the adrenal glands
Where is testosterone metabolised?
It is metabolised by the liver or in target tissues with extensive first pass hepatic metabolism
What is the actions of testosterone?
-Sexual differentiation in the foetus
-sexual development of the m,ale sex organs such as testis, penis, prostate at puberty and the maintenance of these tissues in adults.
-spermatogenesis in adults (this is the cell development of sperm cells)
-testosterone drives sperm production
-stimulation and maintenance of sexual function and behaviour
-anabolic agent increase in the bulk of tissues such as muscle and bone
-induces several liver enzymes
-stimulates the production of erythropoietin ( these are hormones produced by the kidneys to work in the production and maintenance of red blood cells) by the kidneys leading to higher haemoglobin concentrations in men than in women.
______________ is the most potent form of testosterone. It has 2x affinity for the androgen receptor and5 times slower than the other.
Dihydrotestosterone
Which ligands can bind to the androgen receptor?
Dihydrotestosterone and testosterone
Where are the androgen receptors found?
They are found within male reproductive tissues
What is the enzyme called that converts testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone?
5 alpha reductase
WE CAN USE THIS AS A THERPAY
Where does testosterone bind?
It binds on the c terminus on the ligand binding domain, this will activate the receptors.
When is androgen replacement therapy used?
-delayed puberty
-androgen insufficiency (testes no producing enough)
-castrstion ( testicle cancer)
-male andropause
What androgen replacement therapy is given?
Mesterolone
Or
Testosterone
When are anabolic steroids given?
These Are given if a patient experiences muscle wasting diseases
What anabolic steroids are used?
Nandrolone
Or
Oxymetholone
When is anti androgen therapy used and what is it used for?
This stops the effects of androgens they can be used in:
-hair loss
-prostate enlargement (begin)
-prostate cancer
What anti androgen therapy is there available?
-finasteride
-bicalutamide
-zoladex
What are the two major urinary metabolites in regards to sex hormones (males )?
Eticholanolone
Or
Androsterone
How are androgens given?
They are typically given as a parenteral dosage form
What happens when you add an alkyl group onto the p;option 17 on the androgen?
It slows down metabolism and effective lymph improves the oral activity. Thus more bioavailability
What modifications can then allow the replacement therapy of androgen to be given orally?
This is the addition of an alkyl group at position 17
What modification on the androgen can be made in order to be able to give androgen replacement therapy by the parenteral form?
We would add the addition of an ester on position 17
What is the different between androgenic and anabolic?
Androgenic refers to : male sex characterises
-deepening of the voice
-hair and beard growth
-puberty
-maturation of sex organs
Anabolic refers to :building of tissue
-muscle
-bone
-increased red blood cell production for carrying oxygen
IN REALITY ALL AGENTS ARE BOTH ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS
