Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2.4.2. Clinical Pharmacology > Sex Steroids > Flashcards

Sex Steroids Flashcards

1
Q

Describe GnRH

A

From - Hypothalamus

Synthesis and secretion of LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe FSH

A

From - AP

Follicle growth and oocyte maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe LH

A

From - AP

Stimulates ovulation and causes the ruptured follicle to become the corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe oestrogen

A

From - Maturing follicle

Repair and growth of endometrium

Feedback inhibitor for FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe progesterone

A

From - Corpus luteum

Prepares endometrium for implantation

Promotes growth of mammary glands

Feedback inhibitor for FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the sex steroid hormones?

A

Oestradiol

Progesterone

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are sex steroid synthesised from?

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Briefly outline sex steroid synthesis

A

Starts with cholesterol

Involves CYP17 and aromatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the actions of oestrogen?

A

Mild anabolic

Sodium and water retention

Raises HDL, lowers LDL

Decrease bone resorption

Impair glucose tolerance

Increase blood coagulability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the side effects of oestrogen?

A

Breast tenderness

Nausea, vomiting

Water retention

Increased blood coagulability

Thromboembolism

Impaired glucose tolerance

Endometrial hyperplasia + cancer

Ovarian metaplasia + cancer

Breast hyperplasia + cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the actions of progesterone?

A

Secretory endometrium

Anabolic

Increases bone mineral density

Fluid retention

Mood changes

Maintains pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the side effects of progesterone?

A

Weight gain

Fluid retention

Anabolic

Acne Nausea/vomiting

Irritability

Depression, PMS

Lack of concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outline the actions and side effects of testosterone

A

Male secondary sex characteristics

Anabolic

Acne

Voice changes

Increases aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can contraceptives be administered?

A

Oral – oestrogens, progestins

Transdermal patch

Implants

Nasal

Vaginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is progesterone effected by the liver?

A

It is almost totally metabolised in one passage through liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What types of oral contraception are available?

A

COCP = oestrogen + progestin

POP = progestin only

17
Q

Describe the mode of action of an oral contraceptive pill

A

Suppression of ovulation – inhibits FSH + LH

Makes cervical mucus more viscous = prevents sperm entering

Prevents secretory phase of the endometrium – remains atrophic = prevents implantat

18
Q

What are the adverse effects from taking the OCP?

A

Venous thromboembolism

Myocardial infarction

Hypertension – swap to the progestin only pill

Decrease glucose tolerance

Increase risk of stroke in women with focal migraine

Headaches

Mood swings

Cholestatic jaundice

Increase incidence of gallstones

Precipitate porphyria

19
Q

How does the liver effect the COCP?

A

Metabolised by CYP450

Efficacy therefore reduced by enzyme inducing drugs (carbamazepine, rifampicin)

20
Q

What is the mini-pill

A

Progestin only

28 days

Effects cervical mucous and the endometrium

21
Q

Briefly outline missed pill advice

A

Take last pill immediately, even if taking 2 in 1 day

Take the rest of the pack as normal

If more than 2 pills missed = use extra contraception for 7 days

22
Q

Why is HRT prescribed?

A

Symptoms = hot flushes, sweats, vaginal dryness

Osteoporosis

23
Q

What are the risks of HRT?

A

Unopposed oestrogen (ERT): risk of devel endometrial and ovarian cancers

Opposed oestrogen (HRT): risk of devel breast cancer

Increased risk of stroke and ischaemic heart disease

Increased risk of venous thromboembolism

24
Q

How can HRT be administered?

A

Oral

Transdermal

Implant

Transvaginal

Nasal

25
Q

What are anti-progestins used for?

A

Medical termination of pregnancy and induction of labour

26
Q

What are anti-androgens used for?

A

Treat advance prostate cancer

27
Q

Describe SERMs

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Protects against osteoporosis

Reduced risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Increases hot flushes

2.4.2. Clinical Pharmacology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions