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PSYC 3410 - Monday Hormones > Sex Streoid Hormones > Flashcards

Sex Streoid Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Sex steroid hormones

A

Produced in gonads (testes and ovaries)

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2
Q

Estrogens

A

The most common is estradiol

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3
Q

Androgens

A

The most common is testosterone

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4
Q

Progestins

A

The most common is progesterone

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5
Q

Regulation of All hormone Levels

A

Neural, hormonal, non-hormonal chemicals

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6
Q

Neural

A

All endocrine glands all but the anterior pituitary receive neural signals from cerebral or autonomic neuron

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7
Q

Hormonal

A

Tropic hormones (including anterior pituitary)
Negative feedback

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8
Q

Non-hormonal chemicals

A

Glucose, Ca2+, Na+

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9
Q

Pulsatile Hormone release

A

Often with large minute-to-minute fluctuations like ups and downs like a pulse

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10
Q

Cyclic Hormones in human

A

Male hormone levels are constant
The hypothalamus determine whether hormone levels cycle
Human female hormones go through 28 day cycle

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11
Q

Levels of LH (luteinizing hormone ) and FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)

A

LH: active during ovulation and helps control menstrual cycle (release of an egg)
FSH: Helps manage the menstrual cycle and stimulates the ovaries
Levels of LH are high and FSH is low in the anterior pituitary

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12
Q

Cyclic vs. Steady gonadal hormone levels in other species

A

Animals have breeding seasons
Estrous cycle: increased sexual behaviour
Bright shiny fur to attract other birds and once the cycle ends and the fur’s colour will fade away

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13
Q

Chapter 13.2 Developmental Effects of Sex Hormones

A

Wednesday’s Lecture

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14
Q

Gonadal Axis

A

Females: Estrogen and Progesterone negatively feedback to the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

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15
Q

Effects of Gonadal Hormones

A

Developmental effects, activational effects

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16
Q

Developmental Effects

A

Hormone drive the development of males and females from conception to adulthood

17
Q

Activational Effects

A

In adults, hormones directly activate behaviour and physiological functions

18
Q

Hormonal Sexual Development

A

Humans are dimorphic (the existence of two different forms) (male and female)
All encoded in the sex chromosomes
Male and female have different appearance such as colour and the colour phenotypic forms

19
Q

Prenatal Developmental Effects of hormones

A

Genes, Hormones and Brain Development

20
Q

Genetic sex and gonadal sex

A

Genetic sex —> Gonadal Sex (gonadal stage is when it’s the period during which indifferent gonads develop into ovaries and testes)
Gonadal Hormones —-> Phenotypic Sex
Gonadal sex is going to release the gonadal hormones
They are not necessarily same things

21
Q

Sry region of the chromosome

A

Sry region where Y chromosome is linked to masculinity
It is absence in females, ovaries, lack of testesterone

22
Q

SRY region and females

A

It is just not only sry and network that is drives the females characteristics
Not only lacking the SRY

23
Q

Differentiation of the Primordial (Baslangicta plus an sey) Gonadal Structure

A

Cortex: potential to be an ovary
Medulla: potential to be a testis
If XY, Sry gene on the the Y chromosome
Sry protein, medulla develops into testis
If XX, no Sry gene
Cortex develops into ovary

24
Q

Internal reproductive organ development

A

At six weeks, all fetuses have two complete sets of reproductive ducts

25
Q

Wolffian system

A

Capacity to develop into male reproductive ducks (seminal vesicles, vas deferens) Not only promoting the Wolffian system is also inhibiting the mullerian system

26
Q

Mullerian system

A

Capacity to develop into female reproductive ducts (uterus, fallopian tubes) Since there is no supplies for the Wolffian system, the mullerian system gets the supply to develop into female system and the testerone part dies of because it doesn’t gets the products that it needs to get

27
Q

Differentiation of the reproductive system ducts occurs at 3 months of development

A

Testes secrete testerone and Mullerian-inhibiting substance, and it inhibits the development of the mullerian system
Ovaries release estrogen and progesterone and Wolffian inhibits substance which inhibits the development the Wolffian system

28
Q

Differentiation of the External Reproductive Organs

A

Develop for one biopotential precursor
Differentiation occurs in the second moth
-testerone produces male structures
-without testosterone produces male structures

29
Q

Postnatal Developmental effects of hormones: puberty

A

Pre- and postnatal hormones “ surges”
Testerone exposure on male humans at the womb for penis
Estrogen exposure in females during puberty and beyond for menstrual cycle

PSYC 3410 - Monday Hormones (2 decks)

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