Sexology Literatuur 8

Question 1

sex research: behavioral measures

Answer 1

1: direct observations
2: eye tracking (tracks gaze over time)
3: police reports (statistics of illegal sexual behavior)

Question 2

sex research: implicit measures

Answer 2

Implicit Association Test measures unconscious attitudes and associations

Question 3

sex research: biological measures

Answer 3

1: genital measures (devices measure erection and vaginal change)
2: MRI (brain regions or genitals)
3: fMRI (brain activity by measuring blood flow)
4: pupil dilation measures (dilation when we look at something interesting or arousing)

Question 4

volunteer bias

Answer 4

when volunteers participate in studies, they may be different from ones who refuse so the sample is not random

Question 5

informed consent

Answer 5

participants have a right to be told what the purpose of the research is and what they will be asked to do

Question 6

justice principle

Answer 6

risks of participating in research and benefits of the results should be distributed fairly across groups in society (e.g. testing birth control on all women in society, not only poor ones)

Question 7

chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 7

bacteria
not treated -> pelvic inflammatory disease, possible infertility

Question 8

HPV

Answer 8

huma papillomavirus
virus
genital warts
gardasil vaccine

Question 9

genital herpes

Answer 9

virus
caused bij herpes simplex virus (HSV)
HSV-1: cold sores around mouth
HSV-2: genital herpes

Question 10

HIV infection and AIDS

Answer 10

virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus; destroys natual system of immunity to diseases
- HIV = retrovirus: reproduces only in living cells of host species: human

Question 11

stages of HIV infection

Answer 11

stage 0: initial infection and development of antibodies to virus; T cell count stays around 1000
stage 1: T ceel count drops to 500-1000 (no outward symptos
stage 2: T cells 200-499
stage 3: AIDS; T cells <200

Question 12

gonorrhea

Answer 12

bacteria

Question 13

syphilis

Answer 13

bacteria
major symptom = chancre: round: ulcer-like lesion with hard edge like a crater

Question 14

phases of syphilis

Answer 14

1: primary-stage: formation of chancre; heels to 1-5 weeks by itself but disease is still there
2: secondary-stage: generalized body rash; hair loss; can still be cured without permanent effects
3: latent syphilis: no symptoms; may last for years; after 1st year of this stage, disease is no longer infectious but can still be passed onto fetus
- half of people don’t have further complications
- half of people move into late syphilis: heart and major blood vessels are attacked, can lead to death

Question 15

congenital syphilis

Answer 15

pregnant woman infects fetus with syphilis; early death or severe illness of fetus

Question 16

hepatitis B

Answer 16

virus
transmitted through blood, saliva, genital and other bodily fluids

Question 17

trichomoniasis

Answer 17

causes byn protozoan trichomonas vaginalis
- vaginal discharge that irritates vulva, unpleasant smell

Question 18

vaginitis

Answer 18

not STI’s, but common infections of the sex organs

Question 19

candida

Answer 19

form of vaginitis, causes by yeast fungus candida

Question 20

prostatitis

Answer 20

inflammation of the prostate gland; caused by E. coli, gonnorhea or chlamydia