Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Question 1

The basic physical and functional unit of heredity

Answer 1

gene

Question 2

Found in every cell, passed down from parents, contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce

Answer 2

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 3

Thread like molecules that carry heredity information, made of proteins and one molecule of DNA.

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

Each person has one pair of sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes and Males have

Answer 4

an X and a Y chromosome

Question 5

This chromosome triggers embryonic development of a male

Answer 5

Y chromosome

Question 6

smallest structural, functional and biological unit of all living organisms

Answer 6

cell

Question 7

organelle present in most eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

Type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism

Answer 8

asexual

Question 9

This type of reproduction is produced by mitosis

Answer 9

asexual

Question 10

The offspring is genetically identical or a clone of the parent

Answer 10

asexual

Question 11

type of cell division that results in two daughter c ells having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Answer 11

mitosis

Question 12

a type of asexual reproduction where the parent cell splits into two halves producing two new cells.

Examples: bacteria, amoeba, euglena

Answer 12

binary fission

Question 13

A type of asexual reproduction where the offspring grows off of the parents body

Example: hydra

Answer 13

budding

Question 14

A type of asexual reproduction where the parent breaks into distinct pieces and each piece produces an offspring

Example: Planarians (flatworms)

Answer 14

fragmentation

Question 15

A type of asexual reproduction where if a piece of the parent is detached, it can grow into a completely new offspring

Example: some starfish

Answer 15

Regeneration

Question 16

A type of asexual reproduction where new organisms arise without production of seeds or spores

Example: Spider plants, potatoes

Answer 16

Vegetative Reproduction

Question 17

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction? (List 4)

Answer 17

1. Good for organisms that are not mobile
2. Numerous offspring
3. Doesn’t cost the parent a lot of energy
4. Quick

Question 18

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction? (List 3)

Answer 18

1. lacks genetic variation
2. offspring share the same weaknesses as the parent
3. may not be able to adapt to environmental changes

Question 19

Type of reproduction by which offspring arise from two parents

Answer 19

sexual

Question 20

The testis in the male produce the male gametes or

Answer 20

sperm

Question 21

The ovaries in females produce the female gametes or

Answer 21

ovum (eggs)

Question 22

These are the sex cells in sexual reproduction

Answer 22

gametes

Question 23

Gametes are formed by

Answer 23

Meiosis

Question 24

A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

Answer 24

mitosis

Question 25

Mitosis produces two _______cells, which are identical to the parents

Answer 25

diploid

Question 26

Meiosis produces 4 _________ cells, which contain some characteristics of the parent cell but are not identical

Answer 26

Haploid

Question 27

When sperm enters the ova

Answer 27

fertilization

Question 28

Each gamete contains _____ chromosomes

Answer 28

23

Question 29

When the two gametes fuse they form

Answer 29

zygote

Question 30

The zygote has ____ chromosomes

Answer 30

46

Question 31

The zygote then divides by

Answer 31

mitosis

Question 32

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction (List 3)

Answer 32

1. leads to genetic variation and allows adaptation 2. Organism is more protected, may not get the weakness of the parent 3. Removes bad genes from the population

Question 33

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction (List 4)

Answer 33

1. Organism must find a mate 2. Takes longer time 3. can prevent favorable genes from being passed down 4. produces fewer offspring

Question 34

What are some examples of plants that can reproduce both sexually and asexually?

Answer 34

fungi, strawberries, daffodils, starlet sea anemone, jellyfish, sponges

Question 35

A change that occurs in the DNA sequence that causes a change in the organisms appearance, behavior, or function

Answer 35

Mutation

Question 36

What are some examples of harmful mutations? (List 3 of 7)

Answer 36

Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, albinism, downs syndrome, wingless fruit fly, hemophilia, dwarfism

Question 37

A mutation of the gene that helps make hemoglobin (carries oxygen to red blood cells)

Answer 37

sickle cell anemia